AbstractThis study investigated the interactions of four bacteria strains isolated from Yamahai‐shubo, the source of yeast used to produce a Japanese traditional rice wine, Yamahai‐shikomi sake. The bacterial strains were nitrate‐reducing Pseudomonas sp. 61‐02, Leuconostoc mesenteroides LM‐1, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP‐2, and Latilactobacillus sakei LS‐4. We examined fermentation factors for Yamahai‐shubo and Yamahai‐shikomi sake samples to compare the suitability of their bacterial combination (16 variations). As a result of principal component analysis, we found that two major groups were formed; one containing strain LP‐2 and the other containing strain LS‐4, and that strains LP‐2 and LS‐4 were important in the Yamahai‐shikomi sake in the presence of strains 61‐02 and LM‐1. Then, we investigated the effects of strains LP‐2 and LS‐4 on the concentration of organic acids (pyruvic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, and lactic acid) in Yamahai‐shikomi sake. Only in lactic acid, a tendency to decrease with a smaller proportion of LS‐4 strains in Yamahai‐shubo was observed. Subsequently, their effect on the concentration of diacetyl, crucial for aroma, was investigated between the LP‐2 and LS‐4 strains. The sample prepared in the absence of strain LS‐4 exhibited the lowest concentration of diacetyl. This result was supported by the statistical analysis for the sensory scores performed for aroma of each Yamahai‐shikomi sake sample. In conclusion, strain LP‐2 plays a more significant role in improving Yamahai‐shikomi sake quality with strains LM‐1 and 61‐02 rather than strain LS‐4 in Yamahai‐shubo preparation and Yamahai‐shikomi sake brewing.

2022-09-01·Journal of Biophotonics

Tracking the binding of multi‐functional fluorescent tags for Alzheimer's disease using quantitative multiphoton microscopy

Article

作者: Renteria, Carlos A ; Sun, Liang ; Boppart, Stephen A ; Yu, Zhengxin ; Sorrells, Janet E ; Mirica, Liviu M ; Marjanovic, Marina ; Yang, Lingxiao ; Huang, Yiran ; Iyer, Rishyashring R ; Park, Jaena

AbstractA recent theranostic approach to address Alzheimer's disease (AD) utilizes multifunctional targets that both tag and negate the toxicity of AD biomarkers. These compounds, which emit fluorescence with both an activation and a spectral shift in the presence of Aβ, were previously characterized with traditional fluorescence imaging for binary characterization. However, these multifunctional compounds have broad and dynamic emission spectra that are dependent on factors such as the local environment, presence of Aβ deposits, etc. Since quantitative multiphoton microscopy is sensitive to the binding dynamics of molecules, we characterized the performance of two such compounds, LS‐4 and ZY‐12‐OMe, using Simultaneous Label‐free Autofluorescence Multi‐harmonic (SLAM) microscopy and Fast Optical Coherence, Autofluorescence Lifetime imaging and Second harmonic generation (FOCALS) microscopy. This study shows that the combination of quantitative multiphoton imaging with multifunctional tags for AD offers new insights into the interaction of these tags with AD biomarkers and the theranostic mechanisms.

2021-07-14·Journal of the American Chemical Society1区 · 化学

Amphiphilic Distyrylbenzene Derivatives as Potential Therapeutic and Imaging Agents for Soluble and Insoluble Amyloid β Aggregates in Alzheimer’s Disease

1区 · 化学

Article

作者: Arango, Andres S. ; Huang, Yiran ; Sen, Soumyo ; Mirica, Liviu M. ; Bandara, Nilantha ; Rogers, Buck E. ; Cho, Hong-Jun ; Huynh, Truc T. ; Tajkhorshid, Emad ; Sun, Liang

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and efficient therapeutic and early diagnostic agents for AD are still lacking. Herein, we report the development of a novel amphiphilic compound, LS-4, generated by linking a hydrophobic amyloid-binding distyrylbenzene fragment with a hydrophilic triazamacrocycle, which dramatically increases the binding affinity toward various amyloid β (Aβ) peptide aggregates, especially for soluble Aβ oligomers. Moreover, upon the administration of LS-4 to 5xFAD mice, fluorescence imaging of LS-4-treated brain sections reveals that LS-4 can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and bind to the Aβ oligomers in vivo. In addition, the treatment of 5xFAD mice with LS-4 reduces the amount of both amyloid plaques and associated phosphorylated tau aggregates vs the vehicle-treated 5xFAD mice, while microglia activation is also reduced. Molecular dynamics simulations corroborate the observation that introducing a hydrophilic moiety into the molecular structure of LS-4 can enhance the electrostatic interactions with the polar residues of the Aβ species. Finally, exploiting the Cu²⁺-chelating property of the triazamacrocycle, we performed a series of imaging and biodistribution studies that show the ⁶⁴Cu-LS-4 complex binds to the amyloid plaques and can accumulate to a significantly larger extent in the 5xFAD mouse brains vs the wild-type controls. Overall, these results illustrate that the novel strategy, to employ an amphiphilic molecule containing a hydrophilic moiety attached to a hydrophobic amyloid-binding fragment, can increase the binding affinity for both soluble and insoluble Aβ aggregates and can thus be used to detect and regulate various Aβ species in AD.

100 项与 LS-4 相关的药物交易

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