Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)-fatty acids containing multiple double bonds within their carbon chain-are an indispensable component of the cell membrane. PUFAs, including the omega-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA; C20:4n-6) and the omega-3 PUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3), have been implicated in various (patho)physiological events. These PUFAs are either obtained from the diet or biosynthesized from the essential fatty acids linoleic acid (LA; C18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA; C18:3n-3) via enzymatic reactions that are catalyzed by fatty acid elongases (ELOVL2 and ELOVL5) and fatty acid desaturases (FADS1 and FADS2). In this review, we summarize the recent literature studying the role of PUFAs, placing a special emphasis on the newly discovered functions of PUFAs and their biosynthetic pathway as revealed by studies using animal models targeting the PUFA biosynthetic pathway and genetic approaches including genome-wide association studies.

2025-01-01·Food Chemistry

Blue maize with pigmented germ: Phytochemical compounds and tortilla color

Article

作者: Arellano-Vázquez, José Luis ; Santos-Buelga, Celestino ; Vázquez-Carrillo, María Gricelda ; García-Cruz, Leticia ; Rojas-Martínez, Israel ; Palos-Hernández, Andrea ; González-Paramás, Ana María

Blue maize is used in the production of various traditional foods, and its phytochemical composition has been claimed to possess health benefits. In this study, two blue maize hybrids with pigmented germ grown in five environments were studied under the hypothesis that the germ could have a different anthocyanin profile from that of anthocyanins synthesized in the aleurone layer, and that those in the germ could increase the total anthocyanin content in the whole grain. The percentage of pigmented germ, total anthocyanin content (TA) and total soluble phenols in the germ, whole grain and tortilla were evaluated to determine how tortilla color is modified. For the first time, the anthocyanin and fatty acid profiles of pigmented germ were determined. In the anthocyanin profile, anthocyanins derived from peonidin stood out, making 50.7 %. The most abundant fatty acid was linoleic acid (40.6 %). Whole kernel TA content increased when the maize had a higher percentage of pigmented germ, with minimal changes when grain was transformed to tortilla, resulting in darker tortillas. The large variation in TA among environments highlights the importance of identifying the environments that most favor anthocyanin synthesis.

2025-01-01·Food Chemistry

Revealing the sterilization impact on paprika fingerprint: Key markers identified using untargeted metabolomics by liquid chromatography-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry

Article

作者: Motos, Manuel Acosta ; Rivera-Pérez, Araceli ; Acosta Motos, Manuel ; Frenich, Antonia Garrido ; Garrido Frenich, Antonia

Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) is a popular spice known for its unique properties. Spices are susceptible to microbiological risks arising from harvest factors such as high moisture or environmental contamination. To ensure microbiological safety, post-harvest processing based on heat sterilization, free of chemicals and radiation, is becoming essential in the European market. This study introduces a novel metabolomics approach using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to assess the sterilization impact on paprika's metabolomic composition. Sterilized and untreated samples were distinguished by OPLS-DA, achieving perfect predictability with high-quality parameters (R²Y = 0.988, Q² = 0.904). The methodology identified 19 key markers, including fatty acids, amino acids, etc. Sterilization reduced fatty acids such as linoleic acid but increased other metabolites such as DL-malic acid and flazin. This research introduces new metabolomics strategies to ensure paprika quality and other valuable spices, focusing on unexplored sterilization processes.

项与 Linoleic acid 相关的新闻（医药）

2023-11-27

·PRNewswire

NOSTER Research: Gut bacteria derived metabolites offer alternative treatment for fatty liver disease

KYOTO, Japan, Nov. 27, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- In a study recently published in the journal Scientific Reports, researchers from Shizuoka University, Noster Inc, and other groups in Japan identify gut-bacteria derived metabolites that can mitigate fatty liver disease. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver condition that affects a sizable population of the developed world. Causes of NAFLD are stress, genetic predispositions, and preexisting conditions such as obesity. NAFLD is characterized by fat deposits, inflammation, and gradual death of liver cells. What's more, there is no cure for NAFLD at present. Notably, pioglitazone is a diabetes medication that has shown some signs of improvement in NAFLD. However, the mechanism by which it does so is unclear. In a recent collaboration across institutes in Japan, a team led by Tetsuya Hosooka from Shizuoka University and including researchers from Noster Inc, has shown the pathways pioglitazone modifies in order to achieve this effect. The research team started their study by administering diabetic mice with pioglitazone and examining changes in the adipose (fat) tissue over 4 weeks. It was found that linoleic acid metabolites increased in these mice. Importantly, such metabolites are usually produced by the bacteria residing in the gut. A deeper analysis revealed that pioglitazone in fact increased the Lactobacillus species of bacteria in the gut, which in turn were generating the metabolites. Next, the researchers investigated 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid (HYA), a metabolite of linoleic acid and its effects on NAFLD directly. Mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce NAFLD, and subsequently the effects of HYA treatment were observed. The group of mice treated with HYA had lower body weights, lower blood insulin levels, and less fatty tissue. At 26 weeks, mice given HYA also had less fibrosis in their livers. HYA thus directly showed beneficial effects in mice with NAFLD. To investigate intricate biological pathways further, a genetic analysis was conducted between the HYA-administered and control mice. The former showed decreased genes related to fibrosis and inflammation. Finally, the team delved even deeper to uncover the effects of TGF-β, a key molecule that drives fibrosis. It was indeed suppressed in liver cells after HYA treatment. This study is the first to uncover the role of linoleic acid metabolites, mainly HYA, in reducing NAFLD by pioglitazone. "[H]YA suppresses fibrosis-related gene expression through inhibition of TGF-β–Smad3 signaling in hepatic stellate cells," elaborates the research team. These results also pave the way for investigating HYA as a therapeutic target for NAFLD. Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and fibrosis: NAFLD is a chronic form of liver disease that affects 25% of the world's population—most likely people who do not consume much alcohol. The main characteristic of NAFLD is a buildup of fatty tissue in the liver. These fat deposits eventually cause the liver to get inflamed and result in the scarring and death of healthy liver cells, known as fibrosis. NAFLD is more common in patients with preexisting conditions such as type 2 diabetes or obesity. It is hard to diagnose as the damage within the liver is silent, often without major symptoms. What's more, at present the only cure for NAFLD is weight reduction. Thus, there is a dire need for medical interventions that can slow down or cure the condition. Reference Nanaho Kasahara, Yukiko Imi, Reina Amano, Masakazu Shinohara, Kumiko Okada, Yusei Hosokawa, Makoto Imamori, Chiaki Tomimoto, Jun Kunisawa, Shigenobu Kishino, Jun Ogawa, Wataru Ogawa, Tetsuya Hosooka. A gut microbial metabolite of linoleic acid ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGF–β signaling in hepatic stellate cells. Scientific Reports, 13, 18983 (2023). About NOSTER Inc "Connecting life & gut microbiome" Noster website By "connecting life and gut microbiome" we will continue to contribute to the improvement of human health and advancement of science. To achieve this vision, the diverse and talented scientists at Noster are working as one team based on mutual trust and respect. Our team is dedicated to advancing scientific research and development on the gut microbiome to find treatments for patients suffering from diseases. We will continue to meet the challenges for the realization of gut microbiome-based drug discovery with passion and confidence that "great things can be achieved by scientific research." For further information: Nanami Akatsuka (Ms) International relations 35-3 Minamibiraki, Kamiueno-cho, Muko-shi, Kyoto, 617-0006, Japan E-Mail: [email protected] Telephone: 81 (0)-75-921-5303 Noster's analytical services NOSTER and Science Microbiome Prize The NOSTER & Science Microbiome Prize has been established to reward innovative research by young investigators working on the functional attributes of the microbiota of any organism that has potential to contribute to our understanding of human or veterinary health and disease or to guide therapeutic interventions. SOURCE Noster Inc

微生物疗法

2023-06-28

·PRNewswire

NUTRITION 2023 FEATURES LEADING NUTRITION EXPERTS AND GROUNDBREAKING RESEARCH

Get your press pass now to hear nutrition news from top experts in the field BETHESDA, Md., June 27, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Join us at NUTRITION 2023 for an exciting lineup of scientific symposia, educational sessions, hot-topic discussions, and award lectures covering the latest developments in nutrition science. NUTRITION 2023, the annual flagship meeting of the American Society for Nutrition (ASN), will be held July 22-25 at the Sheraton Boston. Explore the meeting schedule and register for a press pass to attend. The meeting will feature distinguished leaders in the field and important discussions that are helping to move nutrition science forward. Highlights include: Ultra-processed foods - Observational studies have linked consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) with an increased risk of obesity and chronic diseases, yet the mechanisms behind these associations are unknown and there is little evidence from clinical trials. Nevertheless, the World Health Organization and multiple countries discourage consumption of UPFs. Limiting UPFs runs the risk of not meeting intake needs of key nutrients and, thus, reducing diet quality as well as an increased risk of food poisoning and food waste. In the U.S., a review of the evidence has been recommended for the 2025 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. This session will review research from a food science perspective and examine the potential mechanisms of action of UPFs. A research roadmap will be presented to establish a stronger, more balanced evidence base to advance the understanding of if and how UPFs impact the risk of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases. (10-11:30 a.m. ET, Sunday, July 23, more information) Heart health - Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid found in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, meats, and eggs. There is confusion among the public concerning the effects of linoleic acid on health and recommendations on whether and how to include it in a healthful diet. During the NUTRITION 2023 opening session and presidential symposium "Food as Medicine: New Findings to Explain Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Disease by Dietary Linoleic Acid," top researchers will present and discuss the latest clinical findings and new basic biology insights into how this dietary oil benefits the heart. (4:30-6 p.m. ET, Saturday, July 22, more information) Weight loss - Can scientists with opposing views work together to figure out why lost pounds are often gained back? The existence and clinical relevance of metabolic adaptation -- a physiological phenomenon that might make it hard to keep weight off -- remains one of the most controversial issues in nutrition science. The session "Metabolic Adaptation and Increased Drive to Eat as Drivers of Weight Regain in Individuals with Obesity. Myth or Reality? An Exercise in Adversarial Collaboration" will introduce collaborators with differing views who have agreed to work together to untangle the controversy. Catia Martins, PhD, RD, from The University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Jonathan Krakoff, MD, from NIDDK-Phoenix, Arizona, will present what is known about metabolic adaptation, their opposing views, and a research plan to advance the science. (10-11:30 a.m. ET, Tuesday, July 25, more information) Food and society - Patrick Stover, PhD, will give the 2023 W.O. Atwater Memorial Lecture "Enhancing the Purpose of Food," which will focus on agriculture, food, and nutrition as a solution to challenges facing society. Stoveris vice chancellor and dean of agriculture and life science and director of the Institute for Advancing Health through Agriculture at Texas A&M College Station. He is an international leader in biochemistry, agriculture, and nutrition. (2-3 p.m. ET, Sunday, July 23, more information) To apply for a press pass to attend NUTRITION 2023 in Boston, check our Media Policies and submit a Press Registration Form. Qualifying journalists will receive: A press badge granting entry to all in-person meeting sessions in Boston Early access to embargoed materials featuring high-impact research Personal introductions for one-on-one interviews with featured scientists Can't join us in person? With a press pass, you can still be part of the action with access to embargoed press materials before the meeting. Stay in the know by joining the discussion and getting the latest nutrition news: Subscribe to email updates geared for journalists Visit the NUTRITION 2023 Virtual Newsroom Follow #Nutrition2023on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram About the American Society for Nutrition (ASN) ASN is the preeminent professional organization for nutrition scientists and clinicians around the world. Founded in 1928, the society brings together the top nutrition researchers, medical practitioners, policy makers and industry leaders to advance our knowledge and application of nutrition. ASN publishes four peer-reviewed journals and provides education and professional development opportunities to advance nutrition research, practice, and education. Since 2018, the American Society of Nutrition has presented NUTRITION, the leading global annual meeting for nutrition professionals. Provided by Newswise, online resource for knowledge-based news at Media Contacts: Nancy Lamontagne Media Liaison (919) 617-1330 (mobile) [email protected] SOURCE American Society for Nutrition (ASN)

2022-11-23

·World Pharma News

Pocket feature shared by deadly coronaviruses could lead to pan-coronavirus antiviral treatment

Scientists have discovered why some coronaviruses are more likely to cause severe disease, which has remained a mystery, until now. Researchers of the University of Bristol-led study, published in Science Advances today, say their findings could lead to the development of a pan-coronavirus treatment to defeat all coronaviruses - from the 2002 SARS-CoV outbreak to Omicron, the current variant of SARS-CoV-2, as well as dangerous variants that may emerge in future. In this new study, an international team, led by Bristols Professor Christiane Schaffitzel, scrutinised the spike glycoproteins decorating all coronaviruses. They reveal that a tailor-made pocket feature in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, first discovered in 2020, is present in all deadly coronaviruses, including MERS and Omicron. In striking contrast, the pocket feature is not present in coronaviruses which cause mild infection with cold-like symptoms. The team say their findings suggest that the pocket, which binds a small molecule, linoleic acid - an essential fatty acid indispensable for many cellular functions including inflammation and maintaining cell membranes in the lungs so that we can breathe properly - could now be exploited to treat all deadly coronaviruses, at the same time rendering them vulnerable to a linoleic acid-based treatment targeting this pocket. COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is the third deadliest coronavirus outbreak following SARS-CoV in 2002 and MERS-CoV in 2012. The much more infectious SARS-CoV-2 continues to infect people and damage communities and economies worldwide, with new variants of concern emerging successively, and Omicron evading vaccination and immune response. Professor Schaffitzel from Bristols School of Biochemistry, explained: In our earlier work we identified the presence of a small molecule, linoleic acid, buried in a tailor-made pocket within the SARS-Cov-2 glycoprotein, known as the Spike protein, which binds to the human cell surface, allowing the virus to penetrate the cells and start replicating, causing widespread damage. "We showed that binding linoleic acid in the pocket could stop virus infectivity, suggesting an anti-viral treatment. This was in the original Wuhan strain that started the pandemic. Since then, a whole range of dangerous SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged, including Omicron, the currently dominating variant of concern. We scrutinised every new variant of concern and asked whether the pocket function is still present." Omicron has undergone many mutations, enabling it to escape immune protection offered by vaccination or antibody treatments that lag behind this rapidly evolving virus. Intriguingly, while everything else may have changed, the researchers found that the pocket remained virtually unaltered, also in Omicron. Christine Toelzer, Research Associate in the School of Biochemistry and lead author of the study, added: "When we realised that the pocket we had discovered remained unchanged, we looked back and asked whether SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, two other deadly coronaviruses causing previous outbreaks years ago, also contained this linoleic acid binding pocket feature." The team applied high-resolution electron cryo-microscopy, cutting-edge computational approaches and cloud computing. Their results showed that SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV also had the pocket, and could bind the ligand, linoleic acid, by a virtually identical mechanism. Professor Schaffitzel concluded: "In our current study, we provide evidence that the pocket remained the same in all deadly coronaviruses, from the first SARS-CoV outbreak 20 years ago to Omicron today. We have shown previously that linoleic acid binding to this pocket induces a locked spike, abrogating viral infectivity. We also show now that linoleic acid supplementation suppresses virus replication inside cells. We anticipate that future variants will also contain the pocket, which we can exploit to defeat the virus." Halo Therapeutics, a recent University of Bristol spin-out Professor Schaffitzel co-founded, is using these findings to develop pocket-binding pan-coronavirus antivirals. The team included experts from the Bristol UNCOVER Group, Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, Bristol University spin-out Halo Therapeutics Ltd, and collaborators in Sweden and France. The studies have been supported by funds from Max Planck Gesellschaft, Wellcome Trust and European Research Council, with additional support from Oracle for Research for high-performance cloud computing resources. Christine Toelzer, Kapil Gupta, Sathish KN Yadav, Lorna Hodgson, Maia Kavanagh Williamson, Dora Buzas, Ufuk Borucu, Kyle Powers, Richard Stenner, Kate Vasileiou, Frederic Garzoni, Daniel Fitzgerald, Christine Payr, Gunjan Gautam, Grard Lambeau, Andrew D Davidson, Paul Verkade, Martin Frank, Imre Berger, Christiane Schaffitzel. The free fatty acid-binding pocket is a conserved hallmark in pathogenic -coronavirus spike proteins from SARS-CoV to Omicron. Science Advances, 2022. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9179

100 项与 Linoleic acid 相关的药物交易

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