The pressing issue of increasing tropospheric ozone (O₃) levels necessitates the development of effective stress management strategies for plant protection. While considerable research has elucidated the adverse impacts of O₃, understanding the combined effects of O₃ and CO₂ requires further investigation. This study focuses on assessing the response of stomatal O₃ flux under various O₃ and CO₂ treatments, individually and in combination, and their repercussions on physiological, growth, and yield attributes in two Indian wheat cultivars, HUW-55 and PBW-550, which exhibit varying levels of sensitivities against elevated O₃. Results indicated significant alterations in stomatal O₃ flux in both O₃-sensitive and tolerant wheat cultivars across different treatments, influencing the overall yield outcomes. Particularly, the ECO₂+EO₃ treatment demonstrated more positive yield protection in the O₃-sensitive cultivar PBW-550, compared to HUW-55 indicating enhanced allocation of photosynthates towards reproductive development in PBW-550, compared to the tolerant cultivar HUW-55, as evidenced by higher harvest index (HI). Furthermore, the study revealed a stronger correlation between yield response and stomatal O₃ flux in PBW-550 (R² = 0.88) compared to HUW-55 (R² = 0.79), as indicated by a steeper regression slope for PBW-550. The research also confirmed the role of elevated CO₂ in reducing stomatal O_3- flux in the tested cultivars, with discernible effects on their respective yield responses. Further experimentation is necessary to confirm these results across different cultivars exhibiting varying sensitivities to O₃. These findings can potentially revolutionize agricultural productivity in regions affected by O₃ stress. The criteria for recommending cultivars for agricultural practices should not be based only on their sensitivity/tolerance to O₃. Still, they should also consider the effect of CO₂ fertilization in the growing area. This experiment offers hope to sustain global food security, as the O₃-sensitive wheat cultivar also showed promising results at elevated CO₂. In essence, this research could pave the way for more resilient agricultural systems in the era of changing climate under elevated O₃ and CO₂ conditions.

2024-11-01·Pharmacological Research

Antifungal properties of abnormal cannabinoid derivatives: Disruption of biofilm formation and gene expression in Candida species

Article

作者: Steinberg, Doron ; Ofori, Prince ; Zemliana, Natalia ; Levi-Schaffer, Francesca ; Sionov, Ronit Vogt ; Mechoulam, Raphael ; Kogan, Natalya M. ; Kogan, Natalya M ; Etzion, Tatiana ; Zaffran, Ilan

Abnormal cannabinoids (including comp 3) are a class of synthetic lipid compounds with non-psychoactive properties and regioisomer configurations, but distinct from traditional cannabinoids since they do not interact with the established CB1 and CB2 receptors. Previous research showed the cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory potentials of comp 3 and more recently its antimicrobial effect on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Given the escalating challenges posed by Candida infections and the rise of antifungal drug resistance, the exploration of novel therapeutic avenues is crucial. This study aimed to assess the anti-Candida properties of newly synthesized AbnCBD derivatives. AbnCBD derivatives were synthesized by acid catalysis-induced coupling and further derivatized. We evaluated the potential of the AbnCBD derivatives to inhibit the growth stages of various Candida species. By in vitro colorimetric assays and in vivo mice experiments, we have shown that AbnCBD derivatives induce differential inhibition of Candida growth. The AbnCBD derivatives, especially comp 3, comp 10, and comp 9 significantly reduced the growth of C. albicans, including FLC-resistant strains, and of C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis but not of C auris compared to their controls (FLC and 0.5 % DMSO). Comp 3 also disrupted C. albicans biofilm formation and eradicated mature biofilms. Notably, other derivatives of AbnCBD disrupted the biofilm formation and maturation of C. albicans but did not affect yeast growth. In a murine model of VVC, comp 3 demonstrated significant fungal clearance and reduced C. albicans burden compared to vehicle and FLC controls. These findings highlight the potential of AbnCBDs as promising antifungal agents against Candida infections.

2024-11-01·Journal of Environmental Management

Elevated O3 has stronger effects than CO2 on soil nematode abundances but jointly inhibits their diversity in paddy soils

Article

作者: Peñuelas, Josep ; Neilson, Roy ; Leng, Peng ; Nielsen, Uffe N ; Peguero, Guille ; Shi, Xiuzhen ; Wang, Jianqing ; Tan, Yunyan ; Zhang, Guoyou ; Nielsen, Uffe N.

Anthropogenic activities have resulted in rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and ozone (O₃), exerting substantial direct and indirect impacts on soil biodiversity within agroecosystems. Despite the considerable attention given to the individual impacts of elevated CO₂ and O₃ levels, the combined effects on soil nematode communities have not been extensively explored. In this study, we investigated the interactive effects of elevated CO₂ (+200 ppm, eCO₂) and O₃ (+40 ppb, eO₃) levels on the abundance, diversity, and trophic composition of soil nematode communities associated with two rice cultivars (Nanjing 5055, NJ5055 and Wuyujing 3, WYJ3). Our findings revealed that soil nematodes had greater abundances under eO₃, whereas eCO₂ had no significant impacts. Conversely, both eCO₂ and eO₃, and their combination led to significant reductions in nematode generic richness, accompanied by a decline in the diversity particularly associated with the WYJ3 cultivar. Moreover, eCO₂ and eO₃ influenced nematode community composition and environmental factors, particularly for the WYJ3 cultivar. Both eCO₂ and eO₃ significantly increased soil nitrate levels. The changes in nematode community composition were related to soil nitrate levels, as well as nitrogen and carbon concentrations in rice plant roots. Furthermore, interactions between eCO₂ and eO₃ significantly impacted soil nematode abundance and trophic composition, revealing intricate consequences for soil nematode communities that transcend predictions based on single-factor experiments. This study unveils the potential impacts posed by eCO₂ and eO₃ on soil biodiversity mediated by rice cultivars, plant functional characteristics and soil feedback mechanisms, thereby underscoring the complex and interactive outcomes arising from concurrent drivers of climate change within the soil food web.

100 项与 Porphyrin 3 相关的药物交易

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