作者: Pehlivan, Sibel Bozdag ; Oner, Levent ; Ayata, Cenk ; Harriott, Andrea M ; Kaya, Melih Z ; Gultekin, Yakup ; Soyseven, Murat ; Celebier, Mustafa ; Vural, Imran

Cortical spreading depression (SD) is the likely cause of migraine aura and a putative headache trigger. Migraine treatments, including triptans and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists, are limited by poor bioavailability. This study evaluates whether intranasally administered poly lactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) based hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) encapsulating rizatriptan (RZT) could provide sustained drug release, enhance brain delivery, and improve therapeutic efficacy against periorbital allodynia triggered by optogenetic SD in mice. CGRP_8-37 was conjugated to the nanoparticle surface (HNP-CGRP_8-37) and RZT encapsulated whitin HNPs (HNP-RZT). were intranasally administered alone or in combination and compared with intraperitoneal CGRP_8-37 and RZT. Formulations were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index, and assessed for in vitro drug release, cytotoxicity, and in vivo brain RZT concentrations. In the acute SD model, periorbital allodynia was evaluated 1 h after a single SD. In the repeated SD paradigm, seven SDs were induced every other day, and periorbital thresholds were assessed up to 6 days after the final SD. HNPs exhibited uniform particle size (<200 nm), positive zeta potential, and low polydispersity. RZT release from HNP-RZT was sustained in vitro. Intranasal HNP-RZT demonstrated prolonged brain RZT retention compared with intraperitoneal RZT. In the acute SD model, HNP-RZT did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.065), whereas intraperitoneal RZT significantly increased periorbital thresholds. In contrast, in the repeated SD model, HNP-RZT demonstrated delayed but persistent suppression of allodynia compared with intraperitoneal RZT. These findings support the potential of intranasal nanoparticle-based delivery to prolong central exposure of RZT and enhance therapeutic durability in chronic SD conditions.

2026-04-01·JOURNAL OF PAIN

Amygdalar calcitonin gene-related peptide driven effects of cold sensitivity induced by peripheral neuropathy in mice

Article

作者: Allen, Heather N ; Nelson, Tyler S ; Trail, Alexis D ; Neilan, Rachael Miller ; Paul, Blesson ; Kolber, Benedict J ; Lewter, Lakeisha ; Tack, See H ; Widner, James A

The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a critical regulator of nociception, and its role in pain modulation depends on factors such as hemispheric location, neuropeptide release, and experimental model. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent neuropeptide modulator within the CeA. Previous research has demonstrated CGRPs' CeA nociceptive role in migraine, visceral, arthritic, and inflammatory pain murine models. The contribution of CeA CGRP to neuropathic pain is unclear. This study examined the effects of CGRP and its receptor antagonist, CGRP 8-37, in the CeA on mechanical and cold sensitivity in two mouse models of neuropathic pain: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) mediated by paclitaxel (PTX) and injury-induced neuropathy through the spared nerve injury (SNI) model. Mechanical and cold sensitivity were measured using the hindpaw von Frey and topical acetone drop assays, respectively. Neither CGRP nor CGRP 8-37 in the CeA had any significant effect on mechanical sensitivity in either neuropathic pain model. In the SNI-treated mice, CGRP infusion into either the left or right CeA reduced cold sensitivity in the left and right SNI-treated hindpaw, while CGRP 8-37 infusion into the left or right CeA increased cold sensitivity in the right SNI-treated hindpaw only. In PTX-treated mice, CGRP infusion into the left or right CeA decreased cold sensitivity of the contralateral paw only. These results suggest that CGRP in the CeA influences pain modulation in a complex manner that depends not only on the hemisphere and injury site, but also on the underlying cause of the neuropathic condition.

2024-06-01·Physiological Reports

Stimulation of the calcium‐sensing receptor induces relaxations through CGRP and NK1 receptor‐mediated pathways in male rat mesenteric arteries

Article

作者: Greenberg, Harry Z. E. ; Albert, Anthony P. ; Carlton-Carew, Simonette R. E. ; Greenwood, Iain A. ; Carlton‐Carew, Simonette R. E.

Abstract:

Stimulation of the calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) regulates vascular contractility, but cellular mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study investigated the role of perivascular sensory nerves in CaSR‐induced relaxations of male rat mesenteric arteries. In fluorescence studies, colocalisation between synaptophysin, a synaptic vesicle marker, and the CaSR was present in the adventitial layer of arterial segments. Using wire myography, increasing external Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]o) from 1 to 10 mM induced vasorelaxations, previously shown to involve the CaSR, which were inhibited by pretreatment with capsaicin. [Ca2+]o‐induced vasorelaxations were partially reduced by the calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptor blockers, CGRP 8–37 and BIBN 4096, and the neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor blocker L733,060. The inhibitory effect of CGRP 8–37 required a functional endothelium whereas the inhibitory action of L733,060 did not. Complete inhibition of [Ca2+]o‐induced vasorelaxations occurred when CGRP 8–37 and L733,060 were applied together. [Ca2+]o‐induced vasorelaxations in the presence of capsaicin were abolished by the ATP‐dependent K+ channel (KATP) blocker PNU 37883, but unaffected by the endothelium nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor L‐NAME. We suggest that the CaSR on perivascular sensory nerves mediate relaxations in rat mesenteric arteries via endothelium‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms involving CGRP and NK1 receptor‐activated NO production and KATP channels, respectively.

100 项与 CGRP8-37 相关的药物交易

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