BACKGROUNDThe biological mechanisms driving orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) remain incompletely understood. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an important indicator of the periodontal bioprocess, providing valuable cues for probing the molecular mechanisms of OTM.METHODSA rigorous review of the clinical studies over the past decade was conducted after registering the protocol with PROSPERO and adhering to inclusion criteria comprising human subjects, specified force magnitudes and force application modes. The thorough screening investigated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in GCF associated with OTM. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was carried out using the STRING database, followed by further refinement through Cytoscape to isolate top hub proteins.RESULTSA comprehensive summarization of the OTM-related GCF studies was conducted, followed by an in-depth exploration of biomarkers within the GCF. We identified 13 DEPs, including ALP, IL-1β, IL-6, Leptin, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, PGE₂, TGF-β1, TNF-α, OPG, RANKL. Bioinformatic analysis spotlighted the top 10 hub proteins and their interactions involved in OTM. Based on these findings, we have proposed a hypothetic diagram for the time-course bioprocess in OTM, which involves three phases containing sequential cellular and molecular components and their interplay network.CONCLUSIONSThis work has further improved our understanding to the bioprocess of OTM, suggesting biomarkers as potential modulating targets to enhance OTM, mitigate adverse effects and support real-time monitoring and personalized orthodontic cycles.

2024-09-01·American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

Evaluation of pulpal blood flow during orthodontic space closure: Prospective clinical trial

Article

作者: Golež, Aljaž ; Cankar, Ksenija ; Ovsenik, Maja

INTRODUCTIONOrthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a biological process that can affect the vascularization of the dental pulp. The forces exerted on the teeth may increase periapical pressure that could compress the arterioles, which in turn affects pulpal blood flow (PBF). The study aimed to investigate how OTM affects PBF during orthodontic space closure.METHODSA total of 22 adolescent participants who required orthodontic space closure in mandibular posterior sectors were enrolled in a prospective clinical study. The same sliding mechanics, wires, and active elements were used. Patients were observed before OTM, after leveling before space closure, and at the 4th, 7th, 21st, and 28th during active space closure. PBF was measured with laser Doppler (LD) flowmetry. Dental models were obtained with an intraoral scanner.RESULTSThe LD flow values decreased significantly during the observation period (2-way repeated measures analysis of variance, P <0.001). There was a significant difference in LD flow between tooth categories (2-way repeated measures analysis of variance, P <0.001). During space closure, the most pronounced LD flow reduction was observed in single-rooted teeth closest to the residual space. A higher speed of OTM was associated with a greater decrease in LD flow on day 4 of OTM (Pearson correlation, P = 0.0299).CONCLUSIONSOrthodontic space closure reduced PBF; it was lowest in the early stages of space closure and showed a tendency to increase during the first month. Anterior teeth closer to the interdental space that experiences more OTM and teeth that move faster during initial OTM had a higher risk of reduced blood flow.

2024-08-07·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Estimating the Temporal Epidemiological Trends of Tuberculosis Incidence by Using an Advanced Theta Method

Article

作者: Zhang, Bingjie ; Li, Yanyan ; Li, Xinxiao ; Wang, Yongbin ; Xue, Chenlu

ABSTRACT.We aimed to assess the temporal epidemiological trends in tuberculosis (TB) by use of an advanced Theta method. The TB incidence data from Tianjin, Heilongjiang, Hubei, and Guangxi provinces in China, spanning January 2005 to December 2019, were extracted. We then constructed and compared various modeling approaches, including the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, the Theta model, the standard Theta model (STM), the dynamic optimized Theta model (DOTM), the dynamic standard Theta model (DSTM), and the optimized Theta model (OTM). During 2005–2019, these four provinces recorded a total of 2,068,399 TB cases. Analyses indicated that TB exhibited seasonality, with prominent peaks in spring and winter, and a slight downward trend was seen in incidence. In the Tianjin forecast, the OTM consistently demonstrated superior performance with the lowest values across metrics, including mean absolute deviation (0.159), mean absolute percentage error (7.032), root mean square error (0.21), mean error rate (0.068), and root mean square percentage error (0.093), compared with those of SARIMA (0.397, 16.654, 0.436, 0.169, and 0.179, respectively), Theta (0.166, 7.248, 0.231, 0.071, and 0.102, respectively), DOTM (0.169, 7.341, 0.234, 0.072, and 0.102, respectively), DSTM (0.169, 7.532, 0.203, 0.072, and 0.092, respectively), and STM (0.165, 7.218, 0.231, 0.070, and 0.101, respectively). Similar results were also observed in the other provinces, emphasizing the effectiveness of the OTM in estimating TB trends. Thus, the OTM may serve as a beneficial and effective tool for estimating the temporal epidemiological trends of TB.

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