作者: Krivine, Anne ; Abad, Sebastien ; Grabar, Sophie ; Dimet, Jerome ; Salmon, Dominique ; Belarbi, Linda ; Launay, Odile ; Guerin, Corinne ; Gordien, Emmanuel ; Williams, Virginie ; Girard, Pierre-Marie ; Rey, David ; Desaint, Corinne ; Jegou, David ; Lortholary, Olivier

BACKGROUNDThe immunogenicity of vaccines, including vaccine against hepatitis A virus (HAV), is impaired in patients with HIV infection, requiring revised immunization regimens.METHODSWe evaluated the immunological efficacy and safety of a 3-dose schedule of hepatitis A vaccine in HIV-infected adults. HAV-seronegative HIV-infected adults were randomized to receive either 3 doses of 1440 UI of hepatitis A vaccine (HAVRIX; GlaxoSmithKline, Marly le Roi, France) at weeks 0, 4, and 24 (46 patients) or 2 doses 24 weeks apart (49 patients).RESULTSAt week 28, seroconversion, defined as an anti-HAV antibody >or=20 mIU/mL, occurred in 82.6% and 69.4% of patients in the 3-dose and the 2-dose group, respectively (P = 0.13, intent-to-treat analysis, missing data = nonresponder), and in 88.4% and 72.3% of patients in the 3-dose and the 2-dose group, respectively (P = 0.06, observed analysis). Only 37.9% of patients experienced seroconversion after 1 vaccine dose (intent-to-treat analysis). Anti-HAV antibody geometric mean titers were 323 and 132 mIU/mL in the 3-dose group and 138 and 67 mIU/mL in the 2-dose group, respectively, 28 (P = 0.03) and 72 weeks (P = 0.05) after the first vaccine dose. There were no serious adverse events associated with the vaccine. Multivariate analysis showed no treatment group effect but indicated that absence of tobacco smoking (odds ratio = 2.92, 95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 7.97; P = 0.04) was an independent predictor of response to HAV vaccine.CONCLUSIONSIn HIV-infected adults, immunogenicity of hepatitis A vaccine is poor. Three doses of vaccine were safe and increased antibody titers.

1992-01-01·Vaccine3区 · 医学

Immunogenicity of inactivated purified tissue culture vaccine against hepatitis A (HepAvac) assessed in laboratory rodents

3区 · 医学

Article

作者: M.S. Balayan ; L.B. Elbert ; E.A. Lisitzina ; Yu.Yu. Kusov

Immune response of laboratory rodents (guinea-pigs, CBA and Balb/c mice, Wistar and August rats) to inactivated hepatitis A vaccine was quantitatively assessed. Under comparable conditions of experiment, the mice showed the highest antibody titres and were capable of reacting to the lower doses of immunogen; meanwhile their individual variations in immune response were more pronounced; white rats were the least susceptible to the vaccine, demonstrating the minimal antibody formation; guinea-pigs produced antibody at intermediate levels but the antibody titres were the most homogeneous. The enhancing effect of aluminium hydroxide was observed in guinea-pigs examined at the late postimmunization stage. Differences in immunogenicity of three vaccine lots were essentially similar when these lots were tested as undiluted preparations in guinea-pigs and mice for mean antibody titres and in mice for 50% immune response using serial dilutions of vaccine. All three tests could be routinely employed for vaccine immunogenicity control.

1986-11-01·Journal of Infection2区 · 医学

Evaluation of a low dose of hepatitis B vaccine given within a childhood immunisation programme in Singapore

2区 · 医学

Article

作者: K.L. Tan ; H.P. Lee ; O. Viegas ; T. McCarthy ; S.H. Chan ; C.J. Oon ; Y.M. Lily Wong-Yong ; K.T. Goh

The feasibility of introducing low dose (5 micrograms) hepatitis B (HB) virus vaccination at birth and again 1 and 2 months later as part of an existing primary immunisation programme of childhood, was assessed in 662 healthy newborn Singapore children. The vaccine (B-Hepavac, Menck, Sharp and Dohme) was given to three neonatal groups: those born to HB surface antigen (sAg)-negative mothers, HBsAg-positive/HBeAg-positive mothers and HBsAg-positive/HBeAg-negative mothers. A dose of 5 micrograms was compared in a randomised study with the more usual 10 micrograms dose given at the same intervals. Neonates born to HBsAg-positive/HBeAg-positive mothers were also given hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) at birth. The 5 microgram dose of vaccine was as immunogenic as the 10 microgram dose in all three groups of children studied. At 1 year, anti-HBsAg seroconversion among infants of antigen-negative mothers was 95.8% for the 5 microgram dose and 91.9% for the 10 microgram dose. Suppression of anti-HBsAg formation was not seen even when maternal anti-HBsAg was present or HBIg given. Among infants born to HBsAg-positive/HBeAg-positive mothers, passive plus active immunisation was 100% protective at doses of 5 micrograms and 10 micrograms vaccine in the newborns who were HBsAg-negative at 24 h. Seroconversion after both the 5 and 10 microgram doses of vaccine was reduced, however, to 88% in each group of infants who were already HBsAg-positive at 24 h of age. Overall, passive plus active immunisation as well as HB vaccine alone (5 micrograms dose), given within the existing but expanded primary immunisation programme of childhood, was effective in preventing infection and the chronic carrier state in newborns exposed to risk of HB virus infection during infancy.

100 项与 Hepavac(In-Cell-Art) 相关的药物交易

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