Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Docetaxel and CG1940/CG8711 Followed by Radical Prostatectomy in Patients With High-Risk Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer

2区 · 医学

Article

作者: Porter, Christopher ; Olgac, Semra ; Dahl, Kathryn ; Vuky, Jacqueline ; Corman, John M. ; Auerbach, Evan

Abstract:

Background.:

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous malignancy in American men. PC, which exhibits a slow growth rate and multiple potential target epitopes, is an ideal candidate for immunotherapy. GVAX for prostate cancer is a cellular immunotherapy, composed of PC-3 cells (CG1940) and LNCaP cells (CG8711). Each of the components is a prostate adenocarcinoma cell line that has been genetically modified to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Hypothesizing that GVAX for prostate cancer could be effective in a neoadjuvant setting in patients with locally advanced disease, we initiated a phase II trial of neoadjuvant docetaxel and GVAX. For the trial, the clinical effects of GVAX were assessed in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods.:

Patients received docetaxel administered at a dose of 75 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 4 cycles. GVAX was administered 2–3 days after chemotherapy preoperatively for four courses of immunotherapy. The first dose of GVAX was a prime immunotherapy of 5×108 cells. The subsequent boost immunotherapies consisted of 3×108 cells. After RP, patients received an additional six courses of immunotherapy. Pathologic complete response, toxicity, and clinical response were assessed. The primary endpoint of the trial was a pathologic state of pT0, which is defined as no evidence of cancer in the prostate.

Results.:

Six patients completed neoadjuvant docetaxel and GVAX therapy. No serious drug-related adverse events were observed. Median change in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) following neoadjuvant therapy was 1.47 ng/ml. One patient did not undergo RP due to the discovery of positive lymph nodes during exploration. Of the five patients completing RP, four had a downstaging of their Gleason score. Undetectable PSA was achieved in three patients at 2 months after RP and in two patients at 3 years after RP.

Conclusions.:

Neoadjuvant docetaxel/GVAX is safe and well tolerated in patients with high-risk locally advanced PC. No evidence of increased intraoperative hemorrhage or increased length of hospital stay postoperatively was noted. These results justify further study of neoadjuvant immunotherapy.

2010-03-01·Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization4区 · 生物学

Validation of a quantitative flow cytometer assay for monitoring HER-2/neu expression level in cell-based cancer immunotherapy products

4区 · 生物学

Article

作者: Andy Lin ; Shian-Jiun Shih ; Li-chun Huang ; Britta Randlev ; Matthew Marcus ; Mitsuko Watatsu

GVAX immunotherapy for prostate cancer is comprised of two genetically modified prostate cancer cell lines, CG1940 and CG8711, engineered to secrete granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor. As part of the matrix of potency assays, CG1940 and CG8711 are tested for the expression level of cell surface HER-2/neu using a quantitative flow cytometer assay. This assay reports the antibody binding capacity value of the cells as a measure of HER-2/neu expression using cells immediately after thawing from cryogenic storage. With optimized cell handling and staining procedure and appropriate system suitability controls, the assay was validated as a quantitative assay. The validation results showed that assay accuracy, specificity, precision, linearity, and range were suitable for the intended use of ensuring lot-to-lot consistency of HER-2/neu expression. Assay robustness was demonstrated using design of experiments that evaluated critical assay parameters. Finally, the assay was successfully transferred to a current good manufacturing practice Quality Control laboratory in a separate facility. Since the overall precision of this assay is better than that of ELISA methods and it can be performed with ease and high throughput, quantitative flow cytometer-based assays may be an appropriate immunological assay platform for Quality Control laboratories for characterization and release of cell-based therapies.

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