:Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a devastating neurodegenerative condition that
mostly damages dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and impairs human motor
function. Males are more likely than females to have PD. There are two main pathways
associated with PD: one involves the misfolding of α-synuclein, which causes neurodegeneration,
and the other is the catalytic oxidation of dopamine via MAO-B, which
produces hydrogen peroxide that can cause mitochondrial damage. Parkin (PRKN), α-
synuclein (SNCA), heat shock protein (HSP), and leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2)
are some of the target areas for genetic alterations that cause neurodegeneration in Parkinson's
disease (PD). Under the impact of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
(MPTP), which is also important in Parkinson's disease (PD), inhibition of mitochondrial
complex 1 results in enhanced ROS generation in neuronal cells. Natural products are still
a superior option in the age of synthetic pharmaceuticals because of their lower toxicity
and moderate side effects. A promising treatment for PD has been discovered using betacarboline
(also known as "β-carboline") and indole alkaloids. However, there are not
many studies done on this particular topic. In the herbs containing β-carbolines and indoles,
the secondary metabolites and alkaloids, β-carbolines and indoles, have shown neuroprotective
and cognitive-enhancing properties.:In this review, we have presented results from 18 years of research on the effects of indole and
β-carboline alkaloids against oxidative stress and MAO inhibition, two key targets in PD. In
the SAR analysis, the activity has been correlated with their unique structural characteristics.
This study will undoubtedly aid researchers in looking for new PD treatment options.