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久保田等人利用日本卫生、劳动和福利部的信息数据库,对PPP进行了大规模流行病学调查,该数据库覆盖了全国总人口的90%以上。观察期为2010年4月至2011年3月。PPP患者人数为136,224人,发病率约为0.12%,高于欧洲和美国的水平(分别为0.01%和0.05%)。患者中男性为47,248人,女性为88,976人,男女比例1:2,女性发病率更高。发病时的平均年龄为55.5岁,该病多见于中年女性。夏季就诊者占40.7%(7月),冬季就诊者占30.7%(4月)。
在治疗方面,接受外用糖皮质激素治疗的患者有109,692人(80.5%),接受外用维生素D3治疗的有42,903人(31.5%),接受光疗的有10,408人(7.6%),口服依曲替尼治疗的有1,950人(1.4%),口服环孢素治疗的有251人(0.2%),口服甲氨蝶呤治疗的有174人(0.1%)。197名患者(0.1%)接受英夫利西单抗治疗,64名患者(0.05%)接受阿达木单抗治疗,21,209名患者(15.6%)未接受治疗。
此外,还有一些针对100例患者的单中心流行病学调查报告。疾病的中位病程为2年和8年。吸烟者比例约为40%、49%、62%和76%。指甲病变的发生率约为11%、22%和31%。骨关节症状的发生率约为9%、15%、17%、35%和45%。作为局部感染,扁桃体炎的发生率约为5%、30%和31%,龋齿约为5%、6%和49%,扁桃体肥大为58%,鼻窦炎约为2%和5%。另一方面,国际方面的报道显示,韩国一项研究对116例PPP患者进行了指甲特征分析,结果显示有≥1项指甲症状的患者占58.7%,平均年龄为51.5岁,男女1:1.4。德国的一项针对172例PPP患者的研究发现,平均年龄为41.6岁,男女比例为1:3.9。奥地利的一项研究调查了102例PPP患者,报告的平均年龄为42岁,男女1:5.8。在欧洲,一项针对英国203例和北欧193例PPP患者的流行病学调查显示,平均年龄分别为48岁和45岁,男女比例分别为1:3.7和1:5。
宫崎等人基于2011年至2017年(共6年)日本5162名患者的就诊数据库,分析了PPP治疗的实际状况,报告称有18例患者(0.4%)使用了生物制剂。另一方面,安德森等人利用2015年至2016年多个国家的保险数据库调查了PPP治疗的实际状况,结果显示在美国1435名PPP患者中有264例(18.4%)使用了生物制剂,在丹麦751名PPP患者中有64例(8.5%)使用了生物制剂,在德国1832名PPP患者中有45例(2.5%)使用了生物制剂。
藤城等人对过去三年中的111名PPP患者进行了统计分析,发现与无骨关节症状的患者相比,有骨关节症状的患者更常出现指甲病变、金属过敏史以及发病年龄小于50岁。此外,他们还发现,伴有指甲病变或有金属过敏史的患者治疗反应较弱。同时,研究显示,目前仍在吸烟的患者治疗反应弱于从未吸烟者,且40岁及以上发病的患者治疗反应弱于40岁以下发病者。因此,目前关于PPP的大规模流行病学调查仍较少,鉴于日本的发病率高于欧美国家,有必要在日本进一步开展大规模的流行病学调查。
英文原文:
Kubota et al. conducted a large-scale epidemiological survey on PPP using the receipt information database from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare involving ≥90% of the total population. The observation period was from April 2010 to March 2011. The number of PPP patients was 136,224. The morbidity rate was 0.12%, being higher than that in Europe and the United States (0.01 and 0.05% , respectively). The patients consisted of 47,248 males and 88,976 females. The male-to-female ratio was approximately 1:2; PPP was more frequent in females. The mean age at the time of onset was 55.5 years, and this disease was frequent in middle-aged females. Patients who consulted a hospital/clinic in the summer accounted for 40.7% (July), and those who consulted it in the winter accounted for 30.7% (April).
Concerning the contents of treatment, topical steroid therapy was performed in 109,692 patients (80.5%), followed by therapy with topical vitamin D3 in 42,903 patients (31.5%), phototherapy in 10,408 patients (7.6%), oral etretinate therapy in 1950 patients (1.4%), oral cyclosporine therapy in 251 patients (0.2%), oral methotrexate therapy in 174 patients (0.1%), infliximab therapy in 197 patients (0.1%), adalimumab therapy in 64 patients (0.05%), and no treatment in 21,209 patients (15.6%).
In addition, there are some single-center epidemiological survey reports of 100 patients. The median duration of disease was 2 and 8years. The rates of smokers were approximately 40 [64], 49%, 62%, and 76% . Nail lesions were observed in approximately 11%, 22%, and 31%. Osteoarticular symptoms were noted in approximately 9%, 15%, 17%, 35%, and 45%. As focal infection, tonsillitis was observed in approximately 5%, 30%, and 31%, caries in approximately 5%, 6%, and 49%, tonsillar hypertrophy in 58%, and sinusitis in approximately 2%and 5%. On the other hand, as to international reports, a study in Korea examined the characteristics of nails in 116 patients with PPP, and reported that patients with ≥1 nail symptoms accounted for 58.7%, with a mean age of 51.5 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.4 [93]. In Germany, a study of 172 patients with PPP found that the mean age was 41.6 years, and that the male-tofemale ratio was 1:3.9. In Austria, a study investigated 102 patients with PPP, and reported that the mean age was 42 years, with a maleto-female ratio of 1:5.8. In Europe, an epidemiological survey of 203 patients with PPP in England and 193 with PPP in North Europe showed that the mean age was 48 and 45 years, respectively, and that the male-to-female ratio was 1:3.7 and 1:5, respectively.
Miyazaki et al.analyzed the actual state of PPP treatment based on a receipt database of 5162 Japanese patients between 2011 and 2017 (6 years), and reported that biologics had been used in 18 patients (0.4%). On the other hand, Andersen et al. investigated the actual state of PPP treatment using the insurance databases between 2015 and 2016 in various countries,and reported that biologics had been used in 264 (18.4%) of 1435 patients with PPP in the United States, in 64 (8.5%) of 751 patients with PPP in Denmark, and in 45 (2.5%) of 1832 patients with PPP in Germany.
Fujishiro et al. statistically examined 111patients with PPP during the past 3 years, and reported that nail lesions, a history of metal allergy, and onset at < 50 years of age were more frequent in those with osteoarticular symptoms than in those without osteoarticular symptoms. Furthermore, they found that treatment responses in the group with nail lesions and the group with a history of metal allergy were weaker. In addition, they reported that the treatment response was weaker in the current smoking continuation group than in the smoking-history-free group, and that the treatment response was weaker in patients who developed PPP at ≥40 years of age than in those who developed it at < 40 years of age. Thus, there have only been a few large-scale epidemiological surveys on PPP, and a large-scale epidemiological survey should be further conducted in Japan, where the morbidity rate is higher than in Europe and the United States.
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免疫学专家李忱博士
致力于风湿免疫系统问题引起的骨病以及皮肤病,国际银屑病及银屑病关节炎(GRAPPA)成员。从事罕见病SAPHO综合征的临床研究,目前已做到该种罕病病人数量及临床研究全球领先地位,主治掌跖脓疱病,风湿骨病,关节炎,牛皮癣。获得2017年协和医疗成果2等奖、2018年协和未来之星评选3等奖。