更新于：2024-11-01

4-Phenylpiracetam

4-苯基吡拉西坦

更新于：2024-11-01

概要

概要

基本信息

药物类型

小分子化药

别名

Fonturacetam

靶点

NR4A1

作用机制

NR4A1调节剂(nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 modulators)

治疗领域-

在研适应症-

非在研适应症-

原研机构-

在研机构-

非在研机构-

最高研发阶段批准上市

首次获批日期-

最高研发阶段(中国)-

特殊审评-

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结构

分子式C12H14N2O2

InChIKeyLYONXVJRBWWGQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS号77472-70-9

关联

100 项与 4-苯基吡拉西坦相关的临床结果

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100 项与 4-苯基吡拉西坦相关的转化医学

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100 项与 4-苯基吡拉西坦相关的专利（医药）

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项与 4-苯基吡拉西坦相关的文献（医药）

2024-01-01·S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry

Pharmacological effects of fonturacetam (Actitropil) and prospects for its clinical use

Review

作者: Gromova, O.A. ; Torshin, I Yu ; Torshin, I.Yu. ; Gromova, O A

Phenylpiracetam (PP) is a nootropic drug with additional pharmacological effects, including anxiolytic, antiasthenic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant effects. The paper presents the results of an analysis of experimental and clinical studies, which indicate the prospects for the use of PP in cerebral ischemia, neurodegenerative pathologies, epilepsy, asthenia, and mental disorders. The adaptogenic properties and mitochondrial protective effect of PP are considered, assessments of the possible effect of PP on neurotransmitter systems, regulation of carbohydrate and fat metabolism with the prospects for the use of PP in patients with metabolic syndrome.

2023-08-01·Drug testing and analysis

Unauthorized ingredients in "nootropic" dietary supplements: A review of the history, pharmacology, prevalence, international regulations, and potential as doping agents.

Review

作者: Anderson, Ashley ; Muszyńska, Bożena ; Stewart, Timothy ; Catlin, Don H ; Catlin, Oliver ; Jędrejko, Karol

The first nootropic prohibited in sport was fonturacetam (4-phenylpiracetam, carphedon) in 1998. Presented here 25 years later is a broad-scale consideration of the history, pharmacology, prevalence, regulations, and doping potential of nootropics viewed through a lens of 50 selected dietary supplements (DS) marketed as "cognitive enhancement," "brain health," "brain boosters," or "nootropics," with a focus on unauthorized ingredients. Nootropic DS have risen to prominence over the last decade often as multicomponent formulations of bioactive ingredients presenting compelling pharmacological questions and potential public health concerns. Many popular nootropics are unauthorized food or DS ingredients according to the European Commission including huperzine A, yohimbine, and dimethylaminoethanol; unapproved pharmaceuticals like phenibut or emoxypine (mexidol); previously registered drugs like meclofenoxate or reserpine; EU authorized pharmaceuticals like piracetam or vinpocetine; infamous doping agents like methylhexaneamine or dimethylbutylamine; and other investigational substances and peptides. Several are authorized DS ingredients in the United States resulting in significant global variability as to what qualifies as a legal nootropic. Prohibited stimulants or ß2-agonists commonly used in "pre-workout," "weight loss," or "thermogenic" DS such as octodrine, hordenine, or higenamine are often stacked with nootropic substances. While stimulants and ß2-agonists are defined as doping agents by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), many nootropics are not, although some may qualify as non-approved substances or related substances under catch-all language in the WADA Prohibited List. Synergistic combinations, excessive dosing, or recently researched pharmacology may justify listing certain nootropics as doping agents or warrant additional attention in future regulations.

2021-06-01·Neurology Clinical Practice

Five Unapproved Drugs Found in Cognitive Enhancement Supplements

Article

作者: Wang, Yan Hong ; Cohen, Pieter A. ; Zakharevich, Igor ; Khan, Ikhlas ; Avula, Bharathi

ObjectiveTo identify the presence of unapproved pharmaceutical drugs in over-the-counter dietary supplements marketed to improve memory and cognitive function.MethodsSupplements were identified by searching 2 supplement databases for products labeled as containing omberacetam, aniracetam, phenylpiracetam, or oxiracetam, 4 drugs not approved for human use in the United States. Products were purchased online and analyzed using nontargeted liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry methods.ResultsIn the 10 products tested, omberacetam and aniracetam were detected along with 3 additional unapproved drugs (i.e., phenibut, vinpocetine and picamilon). By consuming recommended serving sizes, consumers could be exposed to pharmaceutical-level dosages of drugs including a maximum of 40.6 ± 0.4 mg omberacetam (typical pharmacologic dose of 10 mg), 502 ± 0.8 mg of aniracetam (typical pharmacologic dose 200–750 mg), 15.4 ± 0.3 mg of phenibut (typical pharmacologic dose 250–500 mg), 4.3 ± 0.1 mg of vinpocetine (typical pharmacologic dose 5–40 mg), and 90.1 ± 0.7 mg of picamilon (typical pharmacologic dose 50–200 mg). Several detected drugs were not declared on the label, and several declared drugs were not detected in the products. For those products with drug quantities provided on the labels, 75% (9/12) of declared quantities were inaccurate. Consumers could be exposed to up to four-fold greater than pharmaceutical dosages and as many as 4 unapproved drugs when using individual products.ConclusionsOver-the-counter cognitive enhancement supplements may contain multiple unapproved drugs. The health effects of consuming untested combinations of unapproved drugs at unpredictable dosages without clinician oversight in supplements are unknown.

100 项与 4-苯基吡拉西坦相关的药物交易

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