Phtharal

The biol. activity of Streptomyces sp. and non-toxicAspergillus fumigatus, along with their metabolites in mono and co-culture, was tested against Colletotrichum acutatum.Addnl., the presence of volatile metabolites was observed using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The tomato plants were treated with both Streptomyces sp. and A. fumigatus sep. and in combination for in vivo test.Both Streptomyces sp. and A. fumigatus exhibited antifungal activity against C. acutatum.In co-cultivation, metabolites demonstrated 100 % inhibition of the pathogenic fungus.According to GC-MS anal., 35 compounds were identified from A. fumigatus, and 21 from Streptomyces sp.Co-cultivation of A. fumigatus and Streptomyces sp. induced the biosynthesis of 21 compoundsMost of volatile compounds present at high percentages in co-culture were not detected in the monoculture of each microorganism.The top volatiles in co-culture included acetic acid (25.58 %), furfural (9.89 %), Levulinic acid, Me ester (7.22 %), dimethadione (6.50 %), benzene acetic acid (6.03 %), and levulinic acid (5.93 %).Significant improvements in shoot height, root length, shoot and root dry weight and the anthracnose disease reduction were observed mainly with the combination of Streptomyces sp. and A. fumigatus.These outcomes support the use of the co-cultivation technique as a viable approach for acquiring beneficial metabolites from microorganisms.

Conventional antibiotics are ineffective against the growing number of multidrug-resistant bacteria that are posing a high risk to public health.Although traditional nanoparticles like metal and metal oxides have potent antibacterial properties, their excessive release of metal ions into human tissues as well as bacteria might have detrimental health effects.As a result, looking for alternative material becomes essential.Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are gaining interest, due to they combine two distinct areas-an organic part that exhibits intense and rapid bacterial activity and an inorganic part that contains broad-spectrum antibacterial agents.Addnl., MOFs′ appropriate size enables them to either break through the bacterial membrane and degrade it or enter biofilm walls and start acting as an antibacterial agent.The ions for metal release, biocidal linkers, or even biocidal compounds enclosed in MOFs may be the source of MOFs′ biol. activity.MOFs are attractive prospects for biol. and pharmaceutical applications because of these characteristics.Organic linkers of MOFs can be altered through solid-liquid reactions without compromising the characteristics of MOFs, the post-synthetic modification (PSM) technique is suited for bio active MOF synthesis because biocidal linkers are difficult to synthesis and can damaged before MOF formation.Here, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxopropanal, Me vinyl ketone, glyoxylic acid, and phthalaldehyde were used to synthesis and post-synthetically modify the metal organic framework based on indium ions (MIL-68-NH₂), yielding MIL-68-HP, MIL-68-VK, MIL-68-GA, and MIL-68-PA in 40, 80, 87, and 92 %, resp.The comprehensive study, involving synthesis, characterization, and detailed biol. activity testing of the modified MOFs was investigated.The findings suggest that the PSM MOFs exhibit greater biol. activity than com. antibiotics against several tested microbial species.The obtained results showed the importance of MOFs used as an alternative to conventional antibiotics, and the PSM approach to tailor their properties was a valid strategy.