The roots and rhizomes of Gentiana lutea L. are officially listed in the European Pharmacopeia and numerous national pharmacopeias and are used mainly to treat gastrointestinal disorders. In contrast, the leaves are traditionally smoked for the treatment of angina pectoris, but scientific support and justification for its traditional use are missing. Therefore, the chemical composition and gentian leaves before and after smoking were investigated in this study. A standardized smoking machine was used to generate cigarette smoke and the chemical constituents were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis showed that a significant proportion (68.77 %) of the xanthone isogentisin was transferred intact from the leaves to the smoke stream, making it the only compound detected in the smoke condensate. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that isogentisin underwent thermal decomposition within the temperature range of 250-448 °C. These findings provide scientific evidence supporting the medicinal potential of gentian leaves, with isogentisin identified as the active constituent. Furthermore, the thermal stability profile of isogentisin offers valuable insights into its behavior during combustion.

2025-10-01·FOOD CHEMISTRY

A comprehensive study on the mechanism of apple flavor quality formation: Comparison of different apple cultivars in the Weihai region

Article

作者: Zheng, Xiao-Dong ; Tan, Meng-Nan ; Pan, Shao-Xiang ; Dong, Meng ; Wang, Zhen ; Qin, Lei ; Cao, Ning

Different varieties of apples exhibit diverse characteristics in flavor and other edible qualities, which directly affect consumer expectation and purchase intention. In this study, the mechanism of apple flavor quality formation was investigated by six cultivars from Weihai, China. Results indicated that the flavor quality, including sweet, sour taste and fruity, floral notes, was most influenced by apple varieties. A high level of key volatile compounds in Venus Golden apple (VG) could promote the development of unique fruity and sweet aromas, such as amyl acetate, hexanal, 2-methylbutyl acetate, hexyl acetate, etc. Meanwhile, the genetic background significantly influenced the quality traits of apples by the metabolic profile and pathway. The enrichment of amino acid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways is crucial for biosynthesis of flavor compounds. This study uncovers the molecular basis of excellent edible qualities in apples and provides guidance for the selection, breeding, and marketing of superior apple varieties.

2025-09-01·FITOTERAPIA

Novel compounds from Gentiana purpurea L. and their anti-plasmodial evaluation

Article

作者: Sandvik, Lene ; Goodman, Christopher D ; Malterud, Karl Egil ; Wangensteen, Helle

Gentiana pupurea L. (Gentianaceae) is an important medicinal plant in Norway and the bitter roots were used against a number of diseases, often related to gastrointestinal ailments and respiratory diseases. Gentian species are reported to be used against malaria in several geographic regions, and in vitro and computational experiments indicate that secoiridoids have an anti-plasmodial effect. Three previously undescribed compounds; the biphenyl secoiridoid glycoside 5''-deoxyamaroswerin, the benzophenone 6''-O-sinapoyl-2,4,3'-trihydroxy-benzophenone-6-O-β-glucopyranoside, and the benzyl benzoate (3-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, together with eleven other low-molecular compounds were isolated from the 70 % ethanol extract of G. purpurea roots. The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR methods and high-resolution mass spectrometry. No in vitro anti-plasmodial activity was observed for the 70 % ethanol extract, swertiamarin, sweroside, gentiopicrin, amaroswerin, amarogentin, 5''-deoxyamaroswerin, and amaropanin obtained from G. purpurea.

项与 Gentiopicrin 相关的新闻（医药）

2022-07-11

·生物谷

GPS是一种潜在的治疗糖尿病的药物，恢复胰岛素信号通路

2型糖尿病(T2 DM)是以脂糖代谢紊乱为特征的疾病，临床表现主要为胰岛素抵抗和相对胰岛素缺乏。在生理条件下，胰岛素激活肝脏胰岛素信号通路，增加肝脏糖原储备，抑制肝脏糖异生，调节脂肪合成，是维持糖脂代谢动态平衡的最重要机制。众所周知，肝脏胰岛素抵抗(Hir)是2型糖尿病和非酒精性脂肪性肝病等代谢性疾病发展的关键因素。非酒精性脂肪肝的全球流行影响着超过55%的II型糖尿病患者，而非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)在II型糖尿病患者中的患病率估计为37%。近日，来自中山大学的研究者们在Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B杂志上发表了题为“Gentiopicroside targets PAQR3 to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and ameliorate disordered glucose and lipid metabolism”的文章，该研究确定GPS是一种潜在的治疗糖尿病的药物，它可以抑制PAQR3的表达，并直接靶向PAQR3，恢复胰岛素信号通路。图片来源: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.023胰岛素受体后信号传导受阻是胰岛素抵抗糖尿病的主要发病机制。孕激素和ADIPOQ受体3(PAQR3)是炎症和代谢的关键调节因子，可以负向调节PI3K/AKT信号通路。在本研究中，研究者报道了龙胆苦苷(GPS)，龙胆环烯醚萜糖苷的主要生物活性成分，在棕榈酸(PA)处理的HepG2细胞中，减少了脂质的合成，增加了葡萄糖的利用。此外，GPS改善了链脲佐菌素(STZ)治疗高脂饮食(HFD)诱导的糖尿病小鼠的糖脂代谢。本研究结果表明，GPS通过促进DNA结合蛋白2(DDB2)介导的PAQR3泛素化降解来促进PI3K/AKT轴的激活。此外，表面等离子体共振(SPR)、微量热电泳法(MST)和热位移法(TSA)的结果表明，GPS直接与PAQR3结合。分子对接和细胞热漂移分析(CETSA)结果表明，GPS直接与PAQR3 NH2末端的Leu40、Asp42、Glu69、Tyr125和Ser129等氨基酸结合，并在空间上抑制PAQR3与PI3K催化亚基(P110a)的相互作用，恢复PI3K/AKT信号通路。全球定位系统改善胰岛素抵抗机制的图解图片来源: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.023本研究阐明了GPS改善胰岛素抵抗的一个新靶点。研究者发现GPS通过促进DDB2介导的PAQR3泛素降解来抑制PAQR3的表达。重要的是，研究者证明了GPS直接与PAQR3的末端结合，并在空间上抑制了PAQR3和P110a之间的相互作用，从而恢复了PI3K/AKT信号通路。本研究结果为应用GPS恢复糖尿病患者的胰岛素敏感性提供了理论依据。参考文献：Haiming Xiao et al. Gentiopicroside targets PAQR3 to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and ameliorate disordered glucose and lipid metabolism. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2022 Jun;12(6):2887-2904. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.023.

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