ABSTRACT:
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious health problem with an increasing disease burden. Oral probiotics are a potential treatment for IBD. However, the limited colonization and lack of sustained activity in the inflamed colon are challenging. In this research, mucosal colonized engineered
Nissle 1917
(
EcN
) was designed for targeted gut delivery and restored microbiota homeostasis in IBD. 2‐iminothiolane thiolation was modified on the surface of
EcN
, thus the employed disulfide bonds can targeted bind with intestinal mucus layer, enhancing
EcN
activity and retention in the inflamed colon so that the gut microbiota homeostasis can be restored effectively. Further, we developed a probiotic‐based therapeutic platform to load Ononin onto
EcN
via manganese mineralization (OME). Oral OME can colonize the intestine and deliver drugs to the inflamed colon, exhibiting synergistic targeted drug‐therapeutic effects and restoring macrobiotic homeostasis. Further mechanism study showed that OME ameliorates DSS‐induced intestinal inflammation by upregulating Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, which secretes methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase to modulate intestinal T cell proportions and functional polarization, ultimately restoring immune homeostasis. This research highlighted the potential of mucosal colonized engineered
EcN
to restore microbiota homeostasis and targeted delivery of drugs, offering a promising strategy for clinical applications.