作者: Wu, Ching-Yuan ; Yang, Yao-Hsu ; Chang, Geng-He ; Wu, Yu-Heng ; Lin, Yu-Shih ; Shih, Wei-Tai ; Shu, Li-Hsin ; Yang, Pei-Rung ; Shen, Rou-Chen ; Tsai, Ying-Ying ; Lin, Yin-Yin ; Lee, I-Yun ; Tsai, Ming-Shao ; Cheng, Yu-Ching ; Yeh, Reming-Albert ; Wu, Yu-Huei ; Hsu, Cheng-Ming ; Liu, Hung-Te

The Chiehyuan herbal oral protection solution (GB-2) is a herbal mixture commonly utilized in Taiwan for combating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as per traditional Chinese medicine practices. This study assessed the clinical impact of GB-2 through prospective clinical trials. With twice-daily use for a week, GB-2 was shown to diminish the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in oral mucosal cells. Moreover, after two weeks of use, it could reduce transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMRPSS2) expression in these cells. Additionally, in vitro experiments demonstrated that GB-2 lessened the entry efficiency of the Omicron, L452R-D614G, T478K-D614G, and L452R-T478K-D614G variants of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus. It also impeded the interaction between ACE2 and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) presenting N501Y-K417N-E484A-G339D-Q493R-G496S-Q498R and L452R-T478K mutations. Glycyrrhizic acid, a major compound in GB-2, also hindered the entry of the Omicron variant (BA.1) of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus by obstructing the binding between ACE2 and the RBD presenting the N501Y-K417N-E484A-G339D-Q493R-G496S-Q498R mutation. To sum up, these findings suggest that GB-2 can decrease ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in oral mucosal cells. Both glycyrrhizic acid and GB-2 were found to reduce the entry efficiency of the Omicron variant (BA.1) of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus and block the binding between ACE2 and the RBD with the N501Y-K417N-E484A-G339D-Q493R-G496S-Q498R mutation. This evidence implies that GB-2 might be a potential candidate for further study as a preventative measure against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

2023-01-01·Journal of smooth muscle research = Nihon Heikatsukin Gakkai kikanshi

Garcinia buchananii stem bark extract and its bioactive constituents manniflavanone, GB-2 and buchananiflavanone attenuate intestinal inhibitory neuromuscular transmission.

Article

作者: Magolan, Jakob ; Waters, Michael Elder ; Hofmann, Thomas ; Patterson, Savannah ; Braman, Nancy ; Hill, Rodney A ; Stark, Timo D ; Balemba, Onesmo B ; Willson, Roan

Garcinia buchananii stem bark extract (GBB), commonly used for treating diarrhea in Africa, triggers ectopic aboral contractions, causing inhibition of propulsive motility in the colon ex vivo. To determine whether or not these effects were associated with decreased inhibitory neuromuscular transmission, the responsible constituent compounds, and mechanisms of action, we studied the effects of GBB and specific fractions and flavanones isolated from GBB on intestinal motility using pellet propulsion assays in guinea pig distal colons. In addition, microelectrode recordings were used to measure the effects on the inhibitory junction potentials (IJPs) in the porcine ileum and descending colon smooth muscle. Psychoactive Drug Screening Program secondary receptor functional assays were used to determine whether or not GBB and its constituent compounds act via purinergic (P2Y) and muscarinic receptors. GBB inhibited propulsive motility, but (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-manniflavanone (MNF), (2R,3S,2″R,3″R)-GB-2 (GB-2) and (2R,3S,2″S)-buchananiflavanone (BNF), the main ingredients of GBB, did not affect motility. We discovered that, in the porcine descending colon, IJPs contained purinergic, nitrergic, and nonpurinergic nonnitrergic components. Furthermore, ileal IJPs were purely purinergic. GBB blocked all components of IJPs, while MNF and GB-2 inhibited purinergic IJPs only. BNF inhibited the purinergic and nonpurinergic components of IJPs. MRS2365, a Y1 (P2Y) agonist, did not evoke sustained membrane hyperpolarization in the presence of GBB. However, GBB, MNF, GB-2 and BNF did not affect P2Y or muscarinic receptors. In conclusion, inhibitory neuromuscular transmission in the porcine descending colon involves all components of IJPs. GBB decreases inhibitory neuromuscular transmission, likely by the actions of MNF, GB-2 and BNF. These effects do not involve P2Y or muscarinic receptors.

2022-04-01·Clinical Oral Investigations2区 · 医学

The effects of different silicatization and silanization protocols on the bond durability of resin cements to new high-translucent zirconia

2区 · 医学

Article

作者: Abdou, Ahmed ; Tagami, Junji ; Mori, Shinsuke ; Takagaki, Tomohiro ; Nikaido, Toru ; Khanlar, Leila Nasiry ; Ikeda, Masaomi ; Zandinejad, Amirali

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to assess the influence of different silicatization protocols with various silane treatment methods on the bond performance to high-translucent zirconia.MATERIALS AND METHODSHigh-translucent zirconia specimens were assigned to five groups according to mechanical surface pretreatment: as-sintered (Con), 0.2 MPa alumina sandblasting (AB2), tribochemical silica coating (TSC), 0.2 and 0.4 MPa glass bead air abrasion (GB2) and (GB4). Each group was subjected to 4 different cementation protocols: Panavia SA Universal (SAU), Panavia SA plus (SAP), silane + SAP (S-SAP), and Universal adhesive + SAP (U-SAP). Tensile bond strength (TBS) was measured after 24 h and 10,000 thermocycling (TC). Surface topography, surface energy, and elemental composition of the abraded zirconia surface analyses were completed. TBS data was analyzed using the Weibull analysis method. Surface roughness and surface energy were compared by one-way ANOVA analysis of variance (α = 0.05).RESULTSAfter 24 h, higher TBS was achieved with all cementation protocols in AB2 and TSC, also, in GB2 with all protocols except U-SAP, and in GB4 with SAU and S-SAP. After aging, GB4/S-SAP, GB2/S-SAP, AB2/U-SAP, and TSC/S-SAP showed the highest bond strength. GB groups showed the lowest surface roughness and highest surface energy.CONCLUSIONGlass bead abrasion achieved the durable bond strength to high-translucent zirconia using a separate silane coupling agent while altered surface chemistry, surface energy, and roughness without effect on morphology.CLINICAL RELEVANCEGlass bead air abrasion is an alternative to alumina sandblasting and tribochemical silica coating and improves bond strength to high translucent zirconia.

100 项与 GB-2 相关的药物交易

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