作者: Hylkema, Alwin ; Breitbart, Mya ; Ritchie, Isabella T. ; Sharp, William C. ; Kitson-Walters, Kimani ; Warham, Matthew ; Williams, Stacey M. ; Hewson, Ian ; Kellogg, Christina A. ; DeRito, Christopher M. ; Gittens, Samuel ; Sevier, Moriah ; Zimmerman, Alizee ; Evans, James S. ; Brandt, Marilyn ; Delgado, Gabriel A. ; Quod, Jean-Pascal ; Vilanova-Cuevas, Brayan ; Budd, Kayla A.

ABSTRACT Mass mortality of Diadematidae urchins, caused by the Diadema antillarum scuticociliatosis Philaster clade (DScPc) , affected the Caribbean in spring 2022 and subsequently spread to the eastern Mediterranean, Red Sea, and western Indian Ocean. A key question around Diadematidae scuticociliatosis (DSc), the disease caused by the scuticociliate, is whether the urchin microbiome varies between scuticociliatosis-affected and grossly normal urchins. Tissue samples from both grossly normal and abnormal Diadema antillarum were collected in the field during the initial assessment of the DSc causative agent and from an experimental challenge of DScPc culture on aquacultured D. antillarum . Specimens were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Additional abnormal urchin samples were collected from the most recent outbreak site in the western Indian Ocean (Réunion Island). At reference (i.e., unaffected by DSc) sites, Kistimonas spp. , Propionigenium spp., and Endozoicomonas spp. were highly represented in amplicon libraries. DSc-affected urchin amplicon libraries had lower taxonomic richness and a greater representation of taxa related to Fangia hongkongensis and Psychrobium spp. Amplicon libraries of urchins experimentally challenged with the DSc pathogen had some shifts in microbial composition, but F. hongkongensis was not a part of the core bacteria in DSc-challenged specimens. DSc-affected Echinothrix diadema from Réunion Island showed a similar high representation of F. hongkongensis as that seen on Caribbean D. antillarum . Our results suggest that DSc alters Diadematidae microbiomes and that F. hongkongensis may be a candidate bacterial biomarker for DSc in environmental samples. The mechanism driving microbiome variation in host–pathogen interactions remains to be explored. IMPORTANCE The mass mortality of Diadematidae urchins due to Diadema antillarum scuticociliatosis (DSc) has had significant ecological impacts, spreading from the Caribbean to the eastern Mediterranean, Red Sea, and western Indian Ocean. This study investigates whether the microbiome of urchins varies between those affected by DSc and those that are not. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, researchers found that DSc-affected urchins had lower taxonomic richness and a greater representation of Fangia hongkongensis and Psychrobium spp. The findings indicate that F. hongkongensis could serve as a bacterial biomarker for DSc in environmental samples, providing a potential tool for early detection and management of the disease. Understanding these microbiome changes is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate the spread and impact of DSc on marine ecosystems.

2025-03-07·Science

Tropical forests in the Americas are changing too slowly to track climate change

Article

作者: dos Santos, Rubens Manoel ; Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N. ; Disney, Mathias ; Palacios, Walter A. ; Bakker, Yvonne Vanessa ; Di Fiore, Anthony ; Talbot, Joey ; Farfan-Rios, William ; Martins, Valéria Forni ; Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez ; Díaz, Sandra ; Cabrera, Karina Garcia ; de Almeida Reis, Simone Matias ; Vilanova, Emilio ; Baraloto, Christopher ; Phillips, Oliver L. ; Brown, Foster ; Arets, Eric ; Wortel, Verginia ; de Oliveira Pereira, Luciana ; Rudas, Agustín ; Feldpausch, Ted R. ; do Vale, Julio Daniel ; Picolotto, Rayana Caroline ; Prieto, Adriana ; van der Sande, Masha T. ; Zuidema, Pieter A. ; Blanc, Lilian ; Vedovato, Laura ; Llampazo, Gerardo Flores ; Valverde, Fernando Cornejo ; Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur ; Souza, Fernanda Cristina ; Muscarella, Robert ; Nascimento, Henrique ; Pickavance, Georgia ; Zwerts, Joeri A. ; Kalamandeen, Michelle ; Santana, Flávia Delgado ; Baker, Timothy R. ; de Andrade, Ana Cristina Segalin ; del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon ; Quesada, Carlos ; ter Steege, Hans ; Bongers, Frans ; da Costa Silva, Richarlly ; Maës Santos, Flavio Antonio ; Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesús ; Laurance, William F. ; Ramos, Rafael Flora ; Fortunel, Claire ; Bánki, Olaf ; Hurtado-M, Ana Belén ; Neill, David A. ; Dalling, James W. ; Magnusson, William E. ; González-M, Roy ; Alves, Luciana F. ; Lola da Costa, Antonio Carlos ; Castilho, Carolina V. ; Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes ; Nava-Miranda, Maria Guadalupe ; de Camargo, Plínio Barbosa ; Zanini, Katia Janaina ; van der Heijden, Geertje ; Barroso, Jorcely Gonçalves ; Poorter, Lourens ; de Andrade Kamimura, Vitor ; Melo Cruz, Omar Aurelio ; Espejo, Javier Silva ; van der Meer, Peter J. ; Sullivan, Martin J. P. ; Réjou-Méchain, Maxime ; Pardo, Guido ; Alvarez-Davila, Esteban ; Silva, Camila ; Reyna Huaymacari, José Manuel ; Vos, Vincent Antoine ; Enquist, Brian J. ; Galbraith, David ; Vieira, Simone Aparecida ; Derroire, Géraldine ; Pallqui Camacho, Nadir Carolina ; Klipel, Joice ; Levesley, Aurora ; de Souza, Fernanda Coelho ; Silveira, Marcos ; Chave, Jerôme ; Menor, Imma Oliveras ; Morandi, Paulo ; Herrera, Rafael ; Malhi, Yadvinder ; Palacios-Ramos, Sonia ; van Ulft, Bert ; Rodriguez, Carlos Reynel ; Almeida, Everton ; Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo ; Brienen, Roel ; Müller, Sandra Cristina ; Aymard C., Gerardo A ; de Oliveira, Edmar Almeida ; Bonal, Damien ; Laurance, Susan G. W. ; Prestes, Nayane Cristina C. S. ; Silman, Miles R. ; Jiménez, Eliana ; Swamy, Varun ; Baccaro, Fabrício ; Hérault, Bruno ; Pennington, R. Toby ; Bergamin, Rodrigo Scarton ; Barlow, Jos ; Terborgh, John J. ; Corral-Rivas, Jose Javier ; Comiskey, James A. ; Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo ; Berenguer, Erika ; Oviedo, Wilmar Lopez ; Correa, Zorayda Restrepo ; Roopsind, Anand ; Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma ; Pipoly, John J. ; Ribeiro, Sabina Cerruto ; Joly, Carlos A. ; Revilla, Norma Salinas ; Rifai, Sami W. ; Fauset, Sophie ; Vleminckx, Jason ; Aragão, Luiz ; Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau ; Pitman, Nigel C. A. ; Bordin, Kauane Maiara ; de Oliveira Perdiz, Ricardo ; Salgado Negret, Beatriz

Understanding the capacity of forests to adapt to climate change is of pivotal importance for conservation science, yet this is still widely unknown. This knowledge gap is particularly acute in high-biodiversity tropical forests. Here, we examined how tropical forests of the Americas have shifted community trait composition in recent decades as a response to changes in climate. Based on historical trait-climate relationships, we found that, overall, the studied functional traits show shifts of less than 8% of what would be expected given the observed changes in climate. However, the recruit assemblage shows shifts of 21% relative to climate change expectation. The most diverse forests on Earth are changing in functional trait composition but at a rate that is fundamentally insufficient to track climate change.

2025-02-01·Forensic Science International

The identification of synthetic drug laboratories based on the detection of precursors

Article

作者: Beukers, Michiel ; Knotter, Jaap ; Peters, Ruud ; Zomer, Marchel ; Bosker, Henrieke ; de Jonge, Ouke

The Netherlands is a small country but large in terms of production and trade in synthetic drugs, especially amphetamines and MDMA. In fact, Dutch criminals are global leaders, with networks and business practices all over the world. It's a billion dollar business, that forms a shadow economy with great appeal. Production of these drugs takes place at remote locations, in barns connected to farmhouses but also in residential areas where production locations are hidden in cellars and attics. In this study we developed a method that may be helpful to detect such illegal synthetic drug laboratories in suspected areas. An SPME sampler is used to passively collect air samples which are then analyzed for benzyl methyl ketone (BMK) and piperonyl methyl ketone (PMK), the precursors of respectively amphetamines and MDMA. The detection limit was 0.01 ng absolute for both compounds which means that BMK and PMK can be detected at concentrations comparable to other airborne VOCs with a sampling time of less than 10 min. Environmental conditions have only a limited influence on the uptake of BMK and PMK. In measurements in and around a simulated synthetic drug laboratory BMK and PMK could easily be detected inside the facility and even outside at distances up to 5 m. In a training laboratory facility of the police, BMK as well as PMK could be detected even while these compounds were no longer present in this facility. The identification of BMK and PMK was selective which was confirmed by measurements at 40 unsuspected locations where BMK and PMK were not detected in the presence of other compounds. The method can help to confirm the identification of illegal synthetic drug laboratories or a storage facility in suspected locations. While analysis in this study was done in the laboratory, analysis in practice may be possible using a mobile GC/MS system.

100 项与 Wageningen Universiteit Holding BV 相关的药物交易

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100 项与 Wageningen Universiteit Holding BV 相关的转化医学

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