Algae crude oil is a very promising source for the production of bio-fuels.However, as the algae crude oils can be very different from conventional crude oils, it is very important to develop and apply suitable anal. methods to thoroughly characterize the algae crude oils and their products at the mol. level.Detailed anal. characterization is required to guide the development of appropriate algae oil extraction and refinery upgrading processes.In this work, several anal. methods (e.g., GCMS, simulated distillation, EA, ICPMS, TGA/DSC, etc) have been used to characterize the algae crude oils and their products.To address the specific nature of the algae crude oils novel anal. approaches have also been developed and applied for the characterization of the algae oil components at the mol. level (e.g., NP SPE, Acid/Base SPE, UPLC-MSMS, HRMS, etc.Several novel algae crude oil components were identified using these methodologies.The anal. results and proposed chem. reactions involved in various algae crude oil and upgrading processes will be presented.