BACKGROUNDSeveral studies suggest that living in areas of high surrounding greenness may be associated with a lower cardiopulmonary mortality risk. However, associations of greenness with specific causes of death in cancer patients and survivors has not been examined and it is unknown whether this relationship is affected by area levels of fine particulate matter air pollution (PM_2.5). This study evaluated associations between greenness and PM_2.5 on causes of death in a large, U.S.-based cohort of cancer patients and survivors.METHODSSurveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data were used to generate a cohort of 5,529,005 cancer patients and survivors from 2000 to 2016. Census-tract Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) during May-October from 2003 to 2016 was population-weighted to act as a county-level greenness measure. County-level PM_2.5 exposure was estimated from annual concentrations averaged from 1999 to 2015. Cox Proportional Hazards models were used to estimate the association between greenness, PM_2.5, and cause-specific mortality while controlling for age, sex, race, and other individual and county level variables.FINDINGSAn IQR increase in greenness was associated with a decrease in cancer mortality for cancer patients (Hazard ratio of 0.94, 95% CI: 0.93-0.95), but not for cardiopulmonary mortality (0.98, 95% CI: 0.96-1.00). Inversely, an increase in 10 μg/m³ PM_2.5 was associated with increased cardiopulmonary mortality (1.24, 95% CI: 1.19-1.29), but not cancer mortality (0.99, 95% CI: 0.97-1.00). Hazard ratios were robust to inclusion of PM_2.5 in models with greenness and vice versa. Although exposure estimates were constant over most stratifications, greenness seemed to benefit individuals diagnosed with high survivability cancers (0.92, 95% CI: 0.90-0.95) more than those with low survivability cancers (0.98. 95% CI: 0.96-0.99).INTERPRETATIONHigher levels of greenness are associated with lower cancer mortality in cancer patients. The evidence suggests minimal confounding between greenness and PM_2.5 exposures and risk of mortality.

2021-06-01·Journal of Labor Research

Taking PISA Seriously: How Accurate are Low-Stakes Exams?

作者: Ş. Pelin Akyol ; Jinwen Wang ; Kala Krishna

PISA is seen as the gold standard for evaluating educational outcomes worldwide. Yet, being a low-stakes exam, students may not take it seriously resulting in downward biased scores and inaccurate rankings. This paper provides a method to identify and account for non-serious behavior in low-stakes exams by leveraging information in computer-based assessments in PISA 2015. Our method corrects for non-serious behavior by fully imputing scores for items not taken seriously. We compare the scores/rankings calculated by our method to the scores/rankings calculated by giving zero points to skipped items as well as to the scores/rankings calculated by treating skipped items at the end of the exam as if they were not administered, which is the procedure followed by PISA. We show that a country can improve its ranking by up to 15 places by encouraging its own students to take the exam seriously and that the PISA approach corrects for only about half of the bias generated by the non-seriousness.

2020-04-20·Housing Studies

Marriage-induced homeownership as a driver of housing booms: evidence from Hong Kong

作者: Cheung, William Ka Shing ; Chan, Julian Tsz Kin ; Monkkonen, Paavo

Buying a home for marriage is customary in many societies. Traditionally, therefore, young couples getting married is a key driver of demand for homeownership. Yet the idea of marriage-induced dema...

项与 Bates White LLC 相关的新闻（医药）

2024-03-01

·PRNewswire

United States Healthcare Law Firm Hourly Rates Analysis Report 2024 with Insights on Cost Trends from 2021-2024

DUBLIN, March 1, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Valeo 2024 Healthcare Law Firm Hourly Rate Report" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. This report is designed to serve as an essential resource for healthcare firms, law practices, and consultants by offering strategic insights into the billing landscape. It promises to be a valuable addition to the portfolio of resources available for industry professionals seeking to navigate the complexities of healthcare law fees. The landscape of legal fees within the healthcare industry is in constant flux, and understanding these changes is crucial for companies and law firms alike. A comprehensive analysis of hourly rates charged by healthcare law firms in the United States is now available, providing valuable insights into cost trends from 2021 to 2024. The 2024 Healthcare Law Firm Hourly Rate Report presents meticulously gathered data on the average hourly rates across different roles within large law firms with a focus on healthcare law. Positions covered extend from Senior Partners with over 25 years of experience to Associates with four years or less in the field. Highlights from the report detail variations in billing practices and pinpoint emerging trends in the legal cost structure associated with representing healthcare companies in a variety of legal matters, from litigation to transactional work. The detailed analysis aims to help users acquire a nuanced understanding of the evolving market and the financial demands of legal expertise in the sector. The data from the report is derived directly from the Valeo Attorney Hourly Rate and LPM Pricing Platform, ensuring that the information is accurate and reflective of current market conditions. This powerful tool allows for the tracking of real-time rate changes and year-to-year fluctuations, equipping professionals with the data needed to make informed decisions. Key Findings in the Healthcare Law Firm Rate Analysis Transparency on average hourly rates by law firm position Comparative assessment from 2021 to 2024 Analysis of rate changes and identifying trends A glimpse into the impact of market forces on legal costs Key Topics Covered: Section 1: AMLAW 200 Firms Kirkland & Ellis LLP Latham & Watkins LLP DLA Piper LLP (US) Baker McKenzie Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP Sidley Austin LLP White & Case LLP Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP Ropes & Gray LLP Jones Day Hogan Lovells LLP Goodwin Procter LLP Greenberg Traurig LLP Norton Rose Fulbright King & Spalding LLP Cooley LLP Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP McDermott Will & Emery LLP Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP Sullivan & Cromwell LLP Paul Hastings LLP Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan, LLP Holland & Knight LLP Covington & Burling LLP Reed Smith LLP Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, PC Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP Dechert LLP Milbank LLP Morrison & Foerster LLP Proskauer Rose LLP Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP K&L Gates LLP Perkins Coie LLP Squire Patton Boggs Winston & Strawn LLP Troutman Pepper Hamilton Sanders LLP Foley & Lardner LLP Alston & Bird LLP Sheppard, Mullin, Richter & Hampton LLP Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP O'Melveny & Myers LLP Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz McGuireWoods LLP Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP Cravath, Swaine & Moore, LLP Vinson & Elkins LLP Shearman & Sterling LLP Baker & Hostetler LLP Seyfarth Shaw LLP Bryan Cave Leighton Paisner LLP Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP Polsinelli PC Baker Botts LLP Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP Fenwick & West LLP Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP Venable LLP Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith LLP Fox Rothschild LLP Littler Mendelson P.C. Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP Fenwick & West LLP Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP Venable LLP Lewis Brisbois Bisgaard & Smith LLP Fox Rothschild LLP Littler Mendelson P.C. Husch Blackwell LLP Taft Stettinius & Hollister LLP Nixon Peabody LLP Akerman LLP ArentFox Schiff LLP Womble Bond Dickinson (US) LLP Gordon Rees Scully Mansukhani, LLP Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP Davis Wright Tremaine LLP Fish & Richardson P.C. Schulte Roth & Zabel LLP Haynes and Boone, LLP Locke Lord LLP Ballard Spahr LLP Shook, Hardy & Bacon L.L.P. Lowenstein Sandler PC Dorsey & Whitney LLP Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP Baker, Donelson, Bearman, Caldwell & Berkowitz, PC Jackson Walker LLP Wilson Elser Moskowitz Edelman & Dicker LLP Bradley Arant Boult Cummings LLP Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP Clark Hill PLC Quarles & Brady LLP Snell & Wilmer L.L.P. Dinsmore & Shohl LLP Holland & Hart LLP Dickinson Wright PLLC Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP Fisher & Phillips LLP Bracewell LLP Foley Hoag LLP Honigman LLP Kutak Rock LLP Buchanan Ingersoll & Rooney PC Frost Brown Todd LLC Stinson LLP Buchalter, APC McCarter & English, LLP Brownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck, LLP Saul Ewing Arnstein & Lehr LLP Thompson Coburn Hahn & Hessen LLP Ice Miller LLP Benesch, Friedlander, Coplan & Aronoff LLP Spencer Fane LLP Dykema Gossett P.L.L.C. Butler Snow LLP Carlton Fields, P.A. Lathrop GPM LLP Armstrong Teasdale LLP Hinshaw & Culbertson LLP Kobre & Kim L.L.P. Michael Best & Friedrich LLP Morris, Manning & Martin, LLP Pryor Cashman LLP Greenspoon Marder LLP Robinson & Cole LLP Robins Kaplan LLP Lewis Roca Rothgerber Christie LLP Williams, Mullen, Clark & Dobbins, P.C. Cole Schotz P.C. GrayRobinson, P.A. Offit Kurman, P.A. Hanson Bridgett LLP Shumaker, Loop & Kendrick, LLP Fennemore Craig, P.C. FisherBroyles, LLP Herrick Feinstein LLP Tucker Ellis LLP Hinckley, Allen & Snyder LLP Section 2: Magic Circle Firms Allen & Overy LLP Clifford Chance LLP Section 3: Non-AMLAW Firms A&L Goodbody LLP (Ireland) Adler Pollock & Sheehan P.C. Aleshire & Wynder, LLP Archer & Greiner, P.C. Arthur Cox LLP (Ireland) Bailey & Glasser LLP Bates White LLC Bennett Jones LLP (Canada) Bernstein, Shur, Sawyer & Nelson, P.A. Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP (Canada) Borden Ladner Gervais LLP (Canada) Brigard Urrutia Abogados S.A.S (Colombia) Calfo Eakes LLP Callagy Law PC Clayton Utz Constangy, Brooks, Smith & Prophete, LLP Crowe & Dunlevy, APC Dentons Dentons Bingham Greenebaum LLP Drummond Woodsum & MacMahon, P.A. Epstein Becker & Green, P.C. Flaster/Greenberg P.C. Foliart, Huff, Ottaway and Bottom, APC FordHarrison LLP Genova Burns LLC Gray Reed Groom Law Group, Chartered Gunster, Yoakley & Stewart, P.A. HeplerBroom, LLC Herbert Smith Freehills (England) Hood Law Firm, LLC Hooper, Lundy & Bookman, P.C. Hunter, Smith & Davis, LLP Jackson Kelly PLLC Jones Walker LLP Jun Y. Lee, Esq Kelly Hart & Hallman LLP Kitch Drutchas Wagner Valitutti & Sherbrook, P.C. KTBS Law LLP Lashly & Baer, P.C. Levene, Neale, Bender, Yoo & Golubchik L.L.P. Lewis Rice LLC Liebert Cassidy Whitmore Manning Gross & Massenburg LLP McCarthy Tetrault LLP (Canada) McDonald Hopkins LLC McNees Wallace & Nurick LLC Merchant & Gould P.C. Montgomery McCracken Walker & Rhoads LLP Morris, Nichols, Arsht & Tunnell LLP Ogden Murphy Wallace, PLLC Pachulski Stang Ziehl & Jones LLP Pansing Hogan Ernst & Bachman LLP Parker Poe Adams & Bernstein LLP Pietrantoni Mendez & Alvarez LLC (Puerto Rico) Quattlebaum, Grooms & Tull PLLC Rayburn Cooper & Durham, P.A. Richards, Layton & Finger, P.A. Riker Danzig LLP Robinson, Bradshaw & Hinson, P.A. Schnader Harrison Segal & Lewis LLP Schwabe, Williamson & Wyatt, PC Spilman Thomas & Battle, PLLC Steptoe & Johnson PLLC Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox P.L.L.C. Stikeman Elliott LLP (Canada) Stokes Lawrence, P.S. Stris & Maher LLP Sullivan & Worcester LLP Swartz Campbell LLC Waldrep Wall Babcock & Bailey PLLC White and Williams LLP Whiteford, Taylor & Preston L.L.P. Willcox & Savage, P.C. William Fry LLP (Ireland) Winthrop & Weinstine, P.A. Wollmuth Maher & Deutsch LLP Wood Smith Henning & Berman LLP For more information about this report visit About ResearchAndMarkets.com ResearchAndMarkets.com is the world's leading source for international market research reports and market data. We provide you with the latest data on international and regional markets, key industries, the top companies, new products and the latest trends. Media Contact: Research and Markets Laura Wood, Senior Manager [email protected] For E.S.T Office Hours Call +1-917-300-0470 For U.S./CAN Toll Free Call +1-800-526-8630 For GMT Office Hours Call +353-1-416-8900 U.S. Fax: 646-607-1904 Fax (outside U.S.): +353-1-481-1716 Logo: SOURCE Research and Markets

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