AbstractDitylenchus gigas Vovlas is the dominant species of Ditylenchus nematode on faba bean in the UK. It is normally reported with Botrytis fabae Sardiña, which causes chocolate spot of faba bean. The aim of the work reported here was to estimate how fast isolated infections of D. gigas may spread spatially and how background infection of the host with B. fabae alters multiplication of D. gigas. Spatial spread in field conditions was measured in plants growing in square grids. After establishment, single plants at the centre of each grid were spray inoculated with D. gigas. In summer 2017, D. gigas spread to a distance of at least 1 m, the edge of each 2 m × 2 m plot. Incidence on shoots decreased very slowly with distance beyond 0.4 m. In a repeat experiment harvested in autumn 2018, D. gigas was detected at distances of up to 160 cm in 4 m × 4 m plots. The yield effect and reproduction rate of D. gigas were measured in glasshouse experiments, alone and following brush inoculation with low (103) or high (106 conidia/mL) doses of B. fabae. At low doses of D. gigas inoculum multiplied by approximately 75‐fold, with lower rates of multiplication as the inoculum dose increased. The reproduction rate of D. gigas was reduced in plants inoculated with B. fabae, especially at high doses of D. gigas. The reduction was approximately proportional to log (B. fabae dose). Seed yield from inoculated plants decreased approximately in proportion to the logarithms of the initial dose of D. gigas and of B. fabae.

2025-02-27·Veterinaria italiana

Spatial seroprevalence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Small Ruminants in Benue State, Nigeria.

Article

作者: Akwuobu, Chinedu ; Ogiji, Emmanuel ; Ibu, John ; Ularamu, Hussaini ; Rabo, Nathaniel

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) presents a significant challenge to the livestock industry and food animal security. In small ruminants such as sheep and goats, FMD infections often remain asymptomatic, which can result in undetected viral transmission across various species. Despite the global significance of FMD, the epidemiological role of small ruminants in its spread remains poorly understood, particularly in specific regions. In Benue State, Nigeria, there is a notable gap in research concerning the seroprevalence of FMD in small ruminants and its associated spatial distribution. 3ABC-trapping enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies to non-structural protein (NSP) 3ABC of FMD virus (FMDV) in serum samples of sheep and goats from three local government areas representative of high risk zones of Benue State. The seroprevalence of FMDV in small ruminants was found to be 15.92%, with 14.75% in goats and 19.59% in sheep. Regional differences were also evident, with Zone A (Katsina-Ala) showing seroprevalence of 14.71%, Zone B (Makurdi) at 14.72%, and Zone C (Otukpo) at 19.42%. Overall, our study suggests that small ruminants in Benue State are significantly exposed to FMDV, with prevalence rates comparable to some regions in Nigeria and lower than others, especially when compared to large ruminants like cattle. The findings underscore the necessity for region-specific control strategies, taking into account the dynamics of animal movement and trade routes. Establishing robust surveillance and biosecurity protocols, especially along high-risk trade routes, is essential for reducing the impact of FMDV and ensuring the productivity of livestock farming in the region.

2025-02-01·Energy & Environment

Examining the nexus of energy intensity, renewables, natural resources, and carbon intensity in India

作者: Obekpa, Hephzibah Onyeje ; Alola, Andrew Adewale ; Özkan, Oktay

India remained the third-largest energy consumer in the world, responsible for around 7% of global carbon emissions due to rising incomes and improving living standards. Although resource extraction has quadrupled since 1970 due to rising population and demand for natural resources, energy use and transformation, notably of fossil fuel energy, have increased by around 45%, thus increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this view, this study aims to explore energy intensity, renewable energy, natural resources, economic growth, and environmental degradation nexus in India. The novel dynamic simulated autoregressive distributed lag and kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS) approaches are used to explore the effects of energy intensity, renewable energy, natural resources, and economic growth on carbon intensity for India from 1970 to 2020. The empirical results reveal that renewable energy and natural resources improve India's environmental quality via the mitigation of carbon emissions. It is also found that energy intensity and economic growth deteriorate the country's environmental quality by increasing carbon emissions in the short- and long run. A series of robustness estimation affirms the above evidence, thus providing requisite guideline for relevant policy recommendations for the country.

100 项与 Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi 相关的药物交易

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100 项与 Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi 相关的转化医学

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