The increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions led to the advancement of alternative energy storage devices beyond lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a viable substitute for LIBs owing to sodium′s abundance and electrochem. characteristics similar to those of lithium.However, the commercialization of SIBs is impeded by issues related to the performance of cathode materials, including phase instability, low energy d., and poor cycling performance.This review offers a comprehensive evaluation of the four main categories of cathode materials for SIB-Transition metal oxides, Polyanionic compounds, Prussian blue analogs, and Organic materials, highlighting their advantages and limitations comprising of instability and poor conductivityRecent advancement in SIB cathode material along with improvement strategies such as element doping, surface coatings, and structural modifications, have significantly improved the energy d., structural stability, and cycle performance but challenges such as irreversible phase transitions, air sensitivity, and sluggish Na-ion diffusion remains.This study underscores techniques that alleviate these problems and enhance the electrochem. performance of SIBs.Furthermore, research avenues to improve energy d. and cycle longevity are delineated.This review outlines potential strategies for optimizing cathode materials to accelerate the practical implementation of SIBs for sustainable energy storage applications.
