The use of topical and oral therapies on pets has revolutionized the control of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis felis (Bouché). Herein, we tested the biological activity of two adulticides, fipronil and imidacloprid, and the insect growth regulators (IGRs), methoprene and pyriproxyfen. The LC50's of fipronil, imidacloprid, methoprene, and pyriproxyfen in larval rearing medium for second and third instars were 1.13, 0.73, 0.35, and 0.23 ppm, respectively. Combinations of imidacloprid and methoprene and pyriproxyfen were synergistic. The combination indices (CIs) at an effective dose (ED95) of imidacloprid:methoprene (Im:Meth) were 0.54, 0.44, 0.66, 0.73, and 0.62 for Im1:Meth1, Im5:Meth1, Im10:Meth1, Im20:Meth1, and Im40:Meth1, respectively. Similarly, the CIs of imidacloprid:pyriproxyfen (Im:Pyri) at an ED95 were 0.73 and 0.50 for Im1:Pyri1 and Im5:Pyri1, respectively. Combinations of fipronil:methoprene (Fip:Meth) provided variable results with Fip1:Meth1 being antagonistic (CI = 1.61). Combinations at 5:1, 10:1, and 20:1 at an ED95 were moderately synergistic. Combinations of Fip:Pyri at 1:1 were antagonistic at an ED95 with a CI of 2.87. When the combinations were reversed, neither the imidacloprid nor fipronil synergized either IGR. The dose response indices (DRI) for both Im:Meth and Im:Pyri indicate that the concentrations of the combinations could be significantly reduced and still be as effective as imidacloprid alone. Certain combinations of adulticides and IGRs were synergistic against immature fleas.

2016-05-01·Journal of Medical Entomology3区 · 农林科学

Synergism of the IGRs Methoprene and Pyriproxyfen Against Larval Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)

3区 · 农林科学

Article

作者: Lance, W ; Hemsarth, H ; Rust, Michael K

Insect growth regulators (IGRs) methoprene and pyriproxyfen are widely used as topical treatments to pets or applied to the indoor environment to control cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché). The toxicity of methoprene, pyriproxyfen, and combinations of both IGRs to cat flea larvae was determined. The LC₅₀ of methoprene and pyriproxyfen applied to larval rearing medium was 0.39 and 0.19 ppm, respectively. Combinations of methoprene:pyriproxyfen in ratios of 1:1, 5:1, 10:1, and 20:1 produced LC₅₀s of 0.06, 0.09, 0.19, and 0.13 ppm, respectively. The pyriproxyfen synergized the activity of methoprene as indicated by the combination indices (CI). The ratio of methoprene:pyriproxyfen (40:1) provided an LC₅₀ of 0.42 ppm and the pyriproxyfen was not synergistic. Combinations of pyriproxyfen:methoprene in ratios of 5:1, 10:1, and 20:1 provided LC₅₀s of 0.14, 0.20, 0.20 ppm, respectively, and the methoprene did not synergize the activity of pyriproxyfen. The dose-reduction indices (DRIs) indicated that the concentrations of IGRs in the combinations of methoprene:pyriproxyfen (ratios of 20:1 or less) could be reduced by at least one-third of the amount required by methoprene alone to provide similar larval mortality. Combinations of methoprene and pyriproxyfen may be effective in increasing the residual activity on pets and assist in reducing the likelihood of insecticide resistance developing to IGRs.

2011-01-01·Journal of Lipids

Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Adipocytes

Article

作者: Fernyhough, M. E. ; Hausman, G. J. ; Bergen, W. G. ; Dodson, M. V. ; Guan, L. L. ; Mir, P. S. ; Du, Min ; Jiang, Z.

Obesity and metabolic syndromes are examples whereby excess energy consumption and energy flux disruptions are causative agents of increased fatness. Because other, as yet elucidated, cellular factors may be involved and because potential treatments of these metabolic problems involve systemic agents that are not adipose depot-specific in their actions, should we be thinking of adipose depot-specific (cellular) treatments for these problems? For sure, whether treating obesity or metabolic syndrome, the characteristics of all adipose depot-specific adipocytes and stromal vascular cells should be considered. The focus of this paper is to begin to align metabolic dysfunctions with specific characteristics of adipocytes.

项与 The Hartz Mountain Corp. 相关的新闻（医药）

2021-06-30

·GlobeNewswire

Global Pet Furniture Market Is Expected to Reach $5.13 Billion by 2027: Says AMR

Portland, OR, June 30, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- According to the report published by Allied Market Research, the global pet furniture industry was estimated at $3.44 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach $5.13 billion by 2027, registering a CAGR of 6.5% from 2021 to 2027. The report provides a detailed analysis of the top investment pockets, top winning strategies, drivers & opportunities, market size & estimations, competitive landscape, and changing market trends. Growth in demand for customization in pet furniture, availability of a broad range of fashionable and multifunctional pet furniture, and innovations such as smart pet bed drive the growth of the global pet furniture market. On the other hand,, high costs of smart pet furniture hamper the market. Nevertheless, development and innovations in smart pet furniture is anticipated to usher lucrative opportunities in the near future. Get detailed COVID-19 impact analysis on the pet furniture Market@ Covid-19 Scenario- Download Sample PDF (235 Pages with More Insight): The pet furniture market is segmented on the basis of pet type, product type, and distribution channel, and region. Based on pet type, the dogs segment dominated the market with largest share in 2019, accounting for more than two-fifths of the market. However, the cats segment is anticipated to portray the fastest CAGR of 7.1% during the forecast period. Based on type, the house segment held the largest market share in 2019, with nearly half of the global pet furniture market. The segment is expected to lead the market throughout the forecast period. On the other hand, the bed & sofas segment is projected to register the fastest growing CAGR of 7.4% during in between 2021 to 2027. Schedule a FREE Consultation Call with Our Analysts/Industry Experts to Find Solution for Your Business @ The global pet furniture market is studied across Asia-Pacific, Europe, LAMEA, and North America. The North America region held the largest share in 2019, with nearly two-fifths of the market. The region is further expected to dominate the market throughout the forecast period. Conversely, the Asia-Pacific region is expected to showcase the fastest CAGR of 8.4% throughout the forecast period. The key market players profiled in the report include FurHaven Pet Products, Go Pet Club, MidWest Homes for Pets, Nest Bedding, North American Pet Products, PetPals Group, Inc, Prevue Pet Products, Taizhou Huamao Handicraft Article Co., Ltd, Ultra Modern Pet, and Ware Pet Products. Avenue Basic Plan | Library Access | 1 Year Subscription | Sign up for Avenue subscription to access more than 12,000+ company profiles and 2,000+ niche industry market research reports at $699 per month, per seat. For a year, the client needs to purchase minimum 2 seat plan. Avenue Library Subscription | Request for 14 days free trial of before buying: Get more information: About Us Allied Market Research (AMR) is a full-service market research and business-consulting wing of Allied Analytics LLP based in Portland, Oregon. Allied Market Research provides global enterprises as well as medium and small businesses with unmatched quality of "Market Research Reports" and "Business Intelligence Solutions." AMR has a targeted view to provide business insights and consulting to assist its clients to make strategic business decisions and achieve sustainable growth in their respective market domain. We are in professional corporate relations with various companies and this helps us in digging out market data that helps us generate accurate research data tables and confirms utmost accuracy in our market forecasting. Allied Market Research CEO Pawan Kumar is instrumental in inspiring and encouraging everyone associated with the company to maintain high quality of data and help clients in every way possible to achieve success. Each and every data presented in the reports published by us is extracted through primary interviews with top officials from leading companies of domain concerned. Our secondary data procurement methodology includes deep online and offline research and discussion with knowledgeable professionals and analysts in the industry.

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