A review.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the fifth leading cause of death in the world, is a progressive disorder associated with chronic inflammation of the airways and lungs.COPD is linked to a cumulative exposure to risk factors, primarily tobacco smoke but also environmental pollutants.The disease is characterized by structural changes that result in a narrowing of the small airways, ultimately causing airflow limitation.Both parenchymal destruction, termed emphysema, and small airway disease, referred to as chronic bronchitis, contribute towards these changes to varying degrees in each patient.Such airway remodelling is considered irreversible.The underlying inflammation in COPD is characterized by elevated levels of neutrophils, macrophages and Tαlymphocytes.Various cytokines, chemotactic factors and other mediators were also implicated in this process.This review gives an overview about current available treatments for COPD.