作者: Hurley, Laura P. ; Breslin, Kristin ; Henninger, Michelle L. ; Stein, Amy ; Nelson, Jennifer C. ; Goddard, Kristin ; Shoup, Jo Ann ; Kurlandsky, Kate ; Vazquez-Benitez, Gabriela ; Fuller, Candace C. ; Daley, Matthew F. ; Hanson, Kayla E. ; Hambidge, Simon J. ; Williams, Joshua T.B. ; Lewin, Bruno ; Reifler, Liza M.

COVID-19 vaccination rates are decreasing despite vaccination being the most effective tool against severe disease from COVID-19. From October 1, 2022, to February 1, 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional study among adults in the Vaccine Safety Datalink about attitudes and beliefs regarding bivalent COVID-19 Omicron booster vaccine (hereafter referred to as COVID-19 bivalent vaccine) stratifying by vaccination status and race and ethnicity. Analysis was weighted for response and selection bias. The response rate was 27% (385/1430); 33% [95% CI: 21%-44%] of respondents were 'fully vaccinated' (had received COVID-19 bivalent vaccine), 54% [42%-67%] were partially vaccinated, and 13% [7%-19%] were unvaccinated. Fully vaccinated adults were more likely to consider COVID-19 bivalent vaccine 'very effective' (64%, [43%-86%]) at preventing hospitalization due to COVID-19 than partially (31%, [12%-50%]) or unvaccinated (2%, [0%-6%]) adults. Fully vaccinated adults were more likely to report COVID-19 bivalent vaccine was 'very safe' (83%, [69%-98%]) than partially (43%, [23%-63%]) or unvaccinated adults (2%, 0%-6%). Non-Hispanic White adults were more likely to report COVID-19 bivalent vaccine was 'very safe' (71%, [54%-87%]) than Non-Hispanic Black (36%, [21%-50%]) and Hispanic (26%, [7%-45%]) adults. A dose-response effect between vaccination status and perceptions of COVID-19 bivalent vaccine safety and effectiveness was observed, with fully vaccinated respondents having the most favorable attitudes. Racial and ethnic differences in perceived vaccine safety were also found. Improved communication about vaccine effectiveness and safety is key to improving low vaccination rates.

2025-07-01·Exercise, Sport and Movement

Validation of a Time-to-Exhaustion-Derived V̇O2max Prediction Equation and Secondary Criteria Agreement: The CARDIA Study

作者: Hornikel, Bjoern ; Sidney, Stephen ; Dooley, Erin E. ; Carnethon, Mercedes ; Sternfeld, Barbara ; Lewis, Cora E. ; Jacobs, David R. ; Gabriel, Kelley Pettee

ABSTRACTIntroductionMeasuring maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2max) during a graded exercise test (GXT) poses challenges in population-based studies. We examined the relationship between GXT duration (GXTd) and V˙O2max to create a prediction equation for estimating V˙O2max from GXTd. We also assessed the agreement among secondary V˙O2max criteria: respiratory exchange ratio (RER; ≥1.10), maximal heart rate (mHR; ≥85% age-predicted), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE; >17).MethodsData include 580 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) participants (55.9% female, 38.6% Black) who attended the year 35 exam (age 54–66 yr) and completed a GXT with gas analysis. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed between GXTd (seconds) and V˙O2max (mL·kg−1·min−1). A regression equation was developed to predict V˙O2max from GXTd. Secondary criteria agreement was assessed using percent agreement, kappa, sensitivity/specificity, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, excluding 38 participants on beta-blockers.ResultsMean (standard deviation) GXTd and V˙O2max were 341.6 (137.0) s and 26.6 (7.1) mL·kg−1·min−1, respectively, exhibiting a strong correlation (r = 0.83) similar for male and female participants (r = 0.81 and 0.80, respectively). The final prediction model included GXTd, body mass index, and physical activity status as significant V˙O2max predictors (R2 = 0.72; bias = 0.14 mL·kg−1·min−1; 95% confidence interval (CI), −1.24 to 1.52). RER, mHR, and RPE thresholds were met by 90.8%, 85.2%, and 42.8%, respectively. Agreement between mHR and RER was 82.9% (kappa = 0.178 (95% CI, 0.07–0.29); 34.0% sensitivity, 87.9% specificity). The agreement between RPE and RER was 45.3% (kappa = 0.018 (95% CI, −0.02 to 0.06); 62.5% sensitivity, 43.6% specificity). ROC analyses showed a larger area under the curve for mHR and RER (0.762 (95% CI, 0.705–0.820)) compared to RPE and RER (0.598 (95% CI, 0.522–0.674)).ConclusionsGXTd serves as a reliable measure of cardiorespiratory fitness in the absence of gas analysis, and a corresponding V˙O2max prediction equation can be effectively utilized. Discrepancies in secondary criteria highlight challenges in determining maximal effort, especially based on participant reports.

2025-07-01·Human Genetics and Genomics Advances

Multi-tissue transcriptome-wide association study identifies novel candidate genes and pleiotropy effects across four abdominal hernia subtypes

Article

作者: Patel, Sahil ; Yin, Jie ; Ahituv, Nadav ; Chaar, Dima L ; Cowan, Brandon ; Jorgenson, Eric ; Hoffmann, Thomas J ; Kvale, Mark ; Choquet, Hélène ; Jiang, Chen ; Mostaedi, Rouzbeh

Abdominal hernias are caused by the protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weakened abdominal wall. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified 81 genetic susceptibility loci for different hernia subtypes, with 26 loci associated with more than one hernia type; however, additional work is needed to prioritize causal genes at known GWAS loci, identify novel ones, and characterize shared genetic effects across hernia subtypes. We conduct transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) analyses of four hernia subtypes (i.e., inguinal, umbilical, ventral, femoral) using GWAS summary statistics from up to 57,291 hernia cases and 436,717 controls of European ancestry. Our TWAS, which leveraged imputed gene expression from 54 tissues, identifies 211 unique genes, of which 85 did not overlap with known hernia-associated loci. We also investigate patterns of pleiotropy and identify four genes (LYPLAL1-AS1, RIMKLBP2, AL513283.1, and EFEMP1) associated with all four hernia subtypes. Our findings enhance understanding of transcriptomic mechanisms through which hernias develop.

100 项与 Kaiser Permanente of Northern California 相关的药物交易

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100 项与 Kaiser Permanente of Northern California 相关的转化医学

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