SPAAR

更新于：2025-05-07

基本信息

别名

LINC00961、small regulatory polypeptide of amino acid response、SPAAR

+ [1]

简介

Negative regulator of amino acid sensing and mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels and amino acids (PubMed:28024296). Negatively regulates mTORC1 activation by inhibiting recruitment of mTORC1 to lysosomes upon stimulation with amino acids: acts by promoting the formation of a tightly bound supercomplex composed of the lysosomal V-ATPase, Ragulator and Rag GTPases, preventing recruitment of mTORC1 (PubMed:28024296). Acts as a regulator of muscle regeneration following injury by regulating mTORC1 activation (By similarity).

关联

100 项与 SPAAR 相关的临床结果

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100 项与 SPAAR 相关的转化医学

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0 项与 SPAAR 相关的专利（医药）

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项与 SPAAR 相关的文献（医药）

2025-03-01·Synapse

Ginkgo biloba Extract Improves Dendritic Spine Injury in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Induced by MPTP in Mice by Regulating the PLK2‐SPAR Pathway

Article

作者: Zhang, Yumei ; Lyu, Yilin

ABSTRACTParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, and, currently, there is no cure for patients with PD. Studies have shown that Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) has good neuroprotective effects against PD. The cerebellum is widely involved in cognitive function and may be related to the regulation of static tremors in PD. However, research on the corresponding microstructures is limited. Purkinje cells (PCs) are the only efferent neurons present in the cerebellum, and dendritic spines in PCs are considered the key structures for transmitting neuronal excitatory signals. When neurons are activated, polo‐like kinase 2 (PLK2) is expressed, leading to the degradation of spine‐associated Rap guanosine triphosphatase activating protein (SPAR) and, ultimately, the loss of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD‐95), causing changes in the morphology or quantity of dendritic spines. This raises the question of whether the neuroprotective effect of EGb involves the PLK2‐SPAR pathway. In this study, we used 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to establish a mouse model of dopamine neuronal injury. Golgi staining was performed to observe the dendritic spine changes. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of PLK2, SPAR, and PSD‐95. The results showed that EGb improves MPTP‐induced behavioral changes, dopamine neuronal injury, and dendritic spine damage in mice. In addition, EGb reversed the changes in PLK2, SPAR, and PSD‐95 expressions caused by MPTP, revealing the potential mechanism by which EGb improves the condition of patients with PD.

2024-12-01·Journal of Hazardous Materials

Roles of direct and indirect photodegradation in the photochemical fates of three 3rd generation fluoroquinolones

Article

作者: He, Yuhe ; Li, Yitao ; Huang, Xinming ; Lam, Jason Chun Ho ; Nah, Theodora ; Ruan, Yuefei

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are widely prescribed antibiotics that are commonly detected in aquatic environments, but the persistence, fates, and ecotoxicities of new generation FQs have yet to be fully investigated. We investigated the direct and indirect (hydroxyl radical (·OH), singlet oxygen (O21), and excited stated of organic matter (³CDOM^*)) photodegradation of three 3rd generation FQs, moxifloxacin (MOX), gatifloxacin (GAT), and sparfloxacin (SPAR). The photodegradation rates and photolytic quantum yields (Φ_FQ) of the FQs depended on their dissociation species at different pH in a range of 1×10^-4 to 1×10^-3 M mol-photon^-1. Unlike MOX and GAT whose zwitterions had the highest Φ_FQ, the anionic form of SPAR had the highest Φ_FQ. The k_·OH,FQ values were in the order of: k_·OH,SPAR > k_·OH,GAT ≈ k_·OH,MOX with the 10¹⁰M^-1s^-1 order of magnitude. The k_O21,FQ values were in the order of: k_O21,SPAR (∼10⁸M^-1s^-1) > k_O21,MOX (∼10⁷M^-1s^-1) > >> k_O21,GAT (insignificant). Higher k_LC*3,FQ values were observed for MOX (10⁹ to 10¹⁰M^-1s^-1) compared to GAT and SPAR (10⁸ to 10⁹M^-1s^-1). The zwitterions had the highest reactivities with ·OH and the lowest reactivities with O21 and ³CDOM^*. Reactions with ·OH enhanced the formation of transformation products (TPs) from decarboxylation and sidechain oxidation pathways, whereas reactions with O21 and ³CDOM^* enhanced the formation of TPs from sidechain oxidation pathways. Some of the TPs were predicted to exhibit aquatic ecotoxicity and environmental persistence. The half-lives of the FQs were estimated to be 0.42 to 0.67 h for MOX and SPAR, and 4.6 to 4.9 h for GAT. Their half-lives and main photochemical fates depended on the surface water pH and water column depth. These results highlight the key roles that photodegradation plays in removing new generation FQs from aquatic environments, though this might lead to the formation of TPs that are harmful to aquatic ecosystems.

2023-04-18·Scientific reports

A pathogenicity locus of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus.

Article

作者: Xu, Juan ; Kumar, Ritesh ; Xu, Yi ; Taylor, John Culver

Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (Sgg) is known to be strongly associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent functional studies further demonstrated that Sgg actively stimulates CRC cell proliferation and promotes the development of colon tumors. However, the Sgg factors important for the pro-proliferative and pro-tumor activities of Sgg remain unclear. Here, we identified a chromosomal locus in Sgg strain TX20005. Deletion of this locus significantly reduced Sgg adherence to CRC cells and abrogated the ability of Sgg to stimulate CRC cell proliferation. Thus, we designate this locus as the Sgg pathogenicity-associated region (SPAR). More importantly, we found that SPAR is important for Sgg pathogenicity in vivo. In a gut colonization model, mice exposed to the SPAR deletion mutant showed significantly reduced Sgg load in the colonic tissues and fecal materials, suggesting that SPAR contributes to the colonization capacity of Sgg. In a mouse model of CRC, deletion of SPAR abolished the ability of Sgg to promote the development of colon tumors growth. Taken together, these results highlight SPAR as a critical pathogenicity determinant of Sgg.

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