Article
作者: Drum, Chester ; Shanmugam, Sangeetha ; Jo, Dong-Gyu ; Krishna-K, Kumar ; Hayden, Michael R ; Mayan, David Castano ; Chan, Mark Y Y ; Yeo, Leonard L L ; Yew, Mun Geok ; Parsons, Matthew P ; Hayden, Michael R. ; Bae, Han-Gyu ; Sajikumar, Sreedharan ; Singaraja, Roshni R ; Palomera, Leon F. ; Wehbe, Mariam ; Pakkiri, Leroy S. ; Tan, Benjamin Y Q ; Chan, Mark Y.Y. ; Parsons, Matthew P. ; Yeo, Xin Yi ; Pakkiri, Leroy S ; Tan, Benjamin Y.Q. ; Sharma, Vijay K. ; Monteiro-Cardoso, Vera F. ; Baek, Seung Hyun ; Wu, Lik Hang ; Singaraja, Roshni R. ; Sem, Kai Ping ; Davanger, Svend ; Monteiro-Cardoso, Vera F ; Sharma, Vijay K ; Liehn, Elisa A ; Palomera, Leon F ; Jung, Sangyong ; Lee, Sejin ; Yeo, Leonard L.L. ; Liehn, Elisa A.
Bile acids are liver-derived signaling molecules that can be found in the brain, but their role there remains largely unknown. We found increased brain chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) in mice with absent 12α-hydroxylase (Cyp8b1), a bile acid synthesis enzyme. In these Cyp8b1-/-, and in Wt mice administered CDCA, stroke infarct area was reduced. Elevated glutamate-induced excitotoxicity mediated by aberrant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) overactivation contributes to neuronal death in ischemic stroke. We found reduced glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in neurons from Cyp8b1-/- and CDCA-treated Wt mice. CDCA decreased NMDAR-mediated excitatory post-synaptic currents by reducing over-activation of NMDAR subunit GluN2B in Wt brains. Synaptic NMDAR activity was also decreased in Cyp8b1-/- brains. Expression and synaptic distribution of GluN2B were unaltered in Cyp8b1-/- mice, suggesting CDCA may directly antagonize GluN2B-containing NMDARs. Supporting our findings, in a case-control cohort of acute ischemic stroke patients, we found lower circulatory CDCA. Together, our data suggest that CDCA, acting in the liver-brain axis, decreases GluN2B-containing NMDAR overactivation, contributing to neuroprotection in stroke.