To sustain the increasing needs of a rapidly growing population, agriculture has relied on the use of synthetic fertilizers to intensify its production. However, the economical, environmental and health impacts associated with their use have raised significant concerns, especially given the scarcity of phosphorus. Utilizing nutrient-recovered materials like struvite can enhance circularity in agriculture and reduce its reliance on synthetic fertilizers. The objective of this study was to assess the implementation of struvite as a complete substitute to triple superphosphate, for radish and spinach seedling production and early growth, with or without supplementary fertigation. In addition, two rates of struvite were examined (0.68 and 1.37 g L^-1 substrate) to evaluate its solubility. In the germination of radish, struvite had similar performance with conventional fertilization, while in spinach, the use of struvite decreased mean germination times. Both plants maintained comparable growth, chlorophyll content and antioxidant capacity when struvite was used, in comparison to conventional fertilizers. However, higher struvite rates under un-fertigated conditions significantly increased the chlorophyll b and total chlorophylls in the spinach, while phenolics and flavonoids decreased, contingent on the fertigation applications. In the radish, struvite maintained similar MDA and H₂O₂ levels to conventional fertilization, while decreases occurred in the spinach, with the application of ST1 under un-fertigated conditions, compared with conventional fertilization. The P and N contents of the plants were also affected, though these effects varied depending on the plant species, fertigation applications and struvite rates. This variance can be attributed to the characteristics of struvite, the plant species and the cultivation practices. The results of this study suggest that struvite can be successfully implemented in seedling production, establishing significant prospects for its commercialization and use in nurseries.

2019-01-01·European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences2区 · 医学

Freeze-dried bioadhesive vaginal bigels for controlled release of Tenofovir

2区 · 医学

Article

作者: Notario-Pérez, Fernando ; Bedoya, Luis Miguel ; Ruiz-Caro, Roberto ; Veiga, María Dolores ; Martín-Illana, Araceli ; Cazorla-Luna, Raúl

Nowadays, million women live with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide and many of them are dying per year, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. The development of systems that can be accessed by this population group to prevent the sexual transmission of the virus is therefore necessary. The aim of this work was the formulation of freeze-dried bioadhesive vaginal bigels releasing Tenofovir in a controlled manner. Systems containing three different proportions of guar gum hydrogel and sesame oil were prepared, adding Span®60 or Span®60 and Tween®60 as surfactants. Drug and excipients were evaluated by cytotoxicity assays, showing no toxicity at the concentrations tested neither for the drug nor any of the excipients. Fresh formulations were characterised through texture analyses and confocal laser microcopy. The system with the lowest guar gum hydrogel/sesame oil proportion and containing Span®60 and Tween®60 (batch ST1) had the highest consistency and adhesion capacity according to texture analyses. Furthermore, a genuine bigel microstructure was observed. After freeze-drying, swelling, bioadhesion and drug release tests were performed on the resulting systems. ST1 showed the longest bioadhesion time and the most controlled release, as well as a low swelling grade, becoming an interesting option for preventing HIV sexual transmission in women.

2019-01-01·General physiology and biophysics4区 · 生物学

Effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide on primary cultures of rat hepatocytes isolated from lean and steatotic livers

4区 · 生物学

Article

作者: Anděl, Michal ; Červinková, Zuzana ; Fontana, Josef ; Kučera, Otto

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its complications are frequent causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) affects liver functions and metabolism. Although GLP-1 analogues are widely used in clinical practice, information regarding their potential toxic effect on hepatocytes in vitro is missing. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of GLP-1 analogue liraglutide on activity of caspases 3/7, cell viability and oxidative stress in primary cultures of hepatocytes. Primary cultures isolated from male Wistar rats fed a standard (ST1-group, 10% energy from fat) or a high-fat diet (HF-group, 71% fat) for 10 weeks were incubated with liraglutide (0.1-1000 nmol/l) for 24 h. Activities of caspases 3/7 and cellular dehydrogenases (WST-1), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde concentration and DCFDA assay) were evaluated. HF-groups vs. ST1-groups showed higher caspases activity, LDH leakage and MDA production (p < 0.001) and lower cellular dehydrogenases activity (p < 0.01). Liraglutide induced a dose-dependent decrease of caspases activity in both groups, reduction of oxidative stress in HF-animals and exerted no negative effects on other parameters. In conclusion, GLP-1 analogue liraglutide decreased activity of caspases 3/7, reduced ROS production and didn't exhibit negative effects on cell viability and oxidative stress in primary cultures of hepatocytes isolated from lean and steatotic livers.

100 项与 ST1 相关的药物交易

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