产品身份单一活性物,为递送而设计产品名称:NanoActive Alavelle™ 氨基乙酰丙酸纳米脂质体活性物 INCI 名称:AMINOLEVULINIC ACID科学身份:5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-ALA)递送平台:PURISOME® FlexVes™ 脂质体技术AMINOLEVULINIC ACID 标识活性组分。完整原料为多组分脂质体组合物,完整 INCI 列表见技术文件。5-ALA 是血红素通路中原卟啉 IX(PpIX)的天然生化前体。应用开发全景■ 面部与头皮覆盖用喷雾■ 局部施用水性凝胶■ 头皮护理精华与爽肤水■ 专业光激活护理■ 日光光动力应用■ 口服制剂开发为何是这一原料,为何是现在开发机遇5-ALA 是光动力皮肤科学中研究最充分的活性物之一——也是最难配制的活性物之一。4个相互关联的机遇,同一个递送平台01 稳定活性物。将对 pH 敏感的亲水分子保护在工程化囊泡环境中,把以天计的水溶液稳定性转化为可用的货架期。02 递送到关键部位。提升向目标皮肤腔室与富皮脂毛囊结构的转运,而不是让活性物停留在表面。03 一个平台,多种剂型。喷雾、凝胶、头皮护理、专业光激活护理、日光光动力应用——以及独立的口服开发路线。04 以设计实现舒适。围绕剂量、孵育与光照构建方案,让功效与耐受性被同时设计,而非相互取舍。作用机制细胞生物学中的 ALA:血红素通路外源供给 ALA 时发生什么外源 ALA 绕过限速的 ALA 合酶步骤及血红素的反馈控制。在代谢旺盛的细胞——皮脂腺、增生性表皮——亚铁螯合酶能力有限,PpIX 因此优先在目标组织蓄积。血红素生物合成通路示意图。5-ALA 是 PpIX 的代谢前体——其本身并非光激活的光敏剂。创新路线应用创新的两条路线路线 A——光激活化学囊泡递送 → 细胞内 PpIX → 受控光照 → 光动力响应皮肤焕新与光嫩肤——0.5% 脂质体 ALA 喷雾 + IPL,已在皱纹与光损伤研究中得到验证。毛囊皮脂腺护理——毛囊递送联合 IPL,已在炎症性痤疮中研究。日光方案——持续低剂量激活,已在光线性角化病研究中获得临床级验证。Piccioni et al. | J Dermatolog Treat | 2011 · Yeung et al. | Dermatol Surg | 2011 · Dirschka et al. | JEADV | 2019路线 B——非光动力组合ALA + 铁/肽类辅因子 → 真皮乳头信号 → 毛囊研究无需光照。ALA 与柠檬酸铁铵联用可激活真皮乳头细胞 ERK/AKT 信号,并支持离体人毛囊毛干伸长。组合逻辑。肽(GHK)与铁搭档定义了被研究的体系——结果归属于组合,而非 ALA 单独作用。Ryu et al. | FEBS Open Bio | 2026 · Lee et al. | Ann Dermatol | 2016 · Morokuma et al. | Int J Dermatol | 2008配方科学为何配方至关重要:ALA 对配方高度敏感1 · 脂质屏障之后的亲水两性离子在生理 pH 下,ALA 同时携带两种电荷基团,几乎无法分配进入富脂质的角质层——未经配方设计的水溶液 ALA 大多停留在皮肤表面。2 · pH 触发二聚,继而氧化pH 高于约 5 时,一个 ALA 分子的去质子化氨基进攻另一个分子的酮基。生成的二氢吡嗪(DHPY)在空气中氧化为无活性的吡嗪(PY)——PpIX 形成活性随之丧失。3 · 抗氧剂无法阻止的二级衰减降解速率随游离 ALA 浓度的平方加快。螯合剂与抗氧剂无法阻止——只有 pH 控制、温度与隔氧有效。1% ALA 水溶液实测半衰期(50 °C)3 h pH 7.42——接近生理条件257 h pH 4.81——温和酸化37 d pH 2.35 稳定——氨基完全质子化活性物的微环境——pH、氧、分子迁移率——决定其货架期。这是配方问题,也由配方解决。Bunke et al. | J Pharm Sci | 2000 | PMID: 10980508 · Elfsson et al. | Eur J Pharm Sci | 1999 | PMID: 9845784递送平台PURISOME® FlexVes™:为亲水活性物而设计的结构磷脂双分子层膜水相内核——亲水 ALA 载荷柔性、皮肤相容的囊泡设计该结构的作用正确承载亲水载荷。ALA 位于囊泡的水相与界面区域——与磷脂头基区缔合——而非溶解于油中。稳定化学性质。限制分子迁移率并控制局部 pH 微环境,减缓破坏水溶液 ALA 的二聚化路径。为递送做准备。可变形脂质膜支持向角质层与富皮脂毛囊结构的分配。脂质体 ALA 递送及其应用方案已见公开文献,此处引用仅作为该平台类别的技术背景。PURISOME® FlexVes™ 脂质体技术配方科学以配方设计实现稳定01 界面缔合。ALA 结合于磷脂头基区,减少驱动二级二聚的游离分子碰撞。02 微环境 pH。弱酸性界面区使氨基保持质子化,无法进攻邻近的酮基。03 区室化。界面膜限制取向与接近——一个本体相变为众多隔离的微环境。04 局部低氧。脂质环境限制氧到达 DHPY 中间体,减缓其不可逆氧化为无活性 PY。文献先例。文献报道,在含 7.8% ALA 的磷脂纳米囊泡凝胶中,ALA 结合于磷脂酰胆碱极性头基——将稳定性从水溶液中的数天延长至 24–36 个月的货架期。PURISOME® 囊泡应用的是同样的物理逻辑。数天水溶液→24–36 月7.8% ALA 纳米囊泡凝胶的报告货架期质量提示——化学稳定性(ALA 含量、吡嗪类杂质)须与囊泡粒径及外观分别测定;仅胶体稳定并不能证明化学稳定。抗氧化剂对主缩合路径几乎无效——有效手段是将 pH 控制在约 5 以下并排除氧。Reinhold | Future Oncol | 2017 | PMID: 28805092 · Bunke et al. | J Pharm Sci | 2000 | PMID: 10980508配方科学水溶液 vs 纳米囊泡体系:ALA 的处境有何不同正确解读货架期一行——24–36 个月属于那个特定的专有纳米囊泡凝胶,不适用于一般乳剂,也不是 NanoActive Alavelle™ 的指标。每个处方都需要自己的稳定性方案,以 ALA 含量和吡嗪类杂质为终点——仅凭粒径与外观不能证明化学稳定。Bunke et al. | J Pharm Sci | 2000 | PMID: 10980508 · Reinhold | Future Oncol | 2017 | PMID: 28805092 · Elfsson et al. | Eur J Pharm Sci | 1999递送证据向皮肤与毛囊腔室的递送示意图:较小的囊泡可穿行于角质细胞之间共聚焦截面图:随粒径减小(a → c),荧光物质到达更深层皮肤粒径决定深度预算囊泡粒径与膜变形性决定载体将载荷递送多远。对比研究显示,可变形脂质体可显著改善 ALA 的皮肤递送。毛囊是快速通道毛囊及其皮脂腺绕过角质层、深入真皮;脂质囊泡易于分配进入这一富皮脂环境。局部潴留,而非系统吸收设计目标是使活性物潴留在形成 PpIX 的皮肤腔室。局部施用 ALA 后,血浆水平保持在正常参考值范围内——递送在设计上即为局部。Oh et al. | Eur J Pharm Sci | 2011 | PMID: 21782942 · Schmitz et al. | Photodiagn Photodyn Ther | 2016 · Rick et al. | J Photochem Photobiol B | 1997证据——递送低浓度脂质体 ALA:快速、自我限制的 PpIX 生成0.5% 脂质体 ALA 喷雾约 2 小时即可使皮肤荧光饱和——并在 8 小时内清除。皮肤 PpIX 平均峰值荧光,占最大值百分比(健康志愿者,n = 10)。两组方案统计学等效(P = 0.47)。约 2 h 达饱和。脂质体 0.5% ALA 非封闭施用约两小时后荧光进入平台期。8 h 内回到基线。移除后数分钟内信号衰减,8 小时内完全清除——光敏感窗口短。与 20% 乳膏对比。高浓度乳膏在移除后约 8 小时内荧光持续上升——暴露尾部长且难控制。此处的浓度描述剂量与动力学——并非生物利用度倍数的宣称。Christiansen et al. | Lasers Surg Med | 2007 | PMID: 17457834机制——光光激活:PpIX 光化学需要光子与氧PpIX 吸收曲线——Soret 带(约 405 nm)与 Q 带(约 510–635 nm);示意图,未按比例蓝光 405–417 nm红光 630–635 nm日光与 IPL 持续覆盖完整激活光谱1 · 激发。PpIX 吸收光子并跃迁到长寿命三重态。2 · 能量传递。三重态 PpIX 将能量传递给溶解的分子氧(II 型光化学),生成单线态氧与 ROS。3 · 局部响应。ROS 作用于 PpIX 所在位置的微米范围内——响应映射到被递送的组织,而非整个皮肤。4 · 剂量速率是设计变量。光谱、功率密度与时长塑造功效与舒适度;持续低速率的日光激活以远小于高强度灯的疼痛达到相近的累计剂量。光化学与 PpIX 光物理综述见 Bunke et al. | J Pharm Sci | 2000 及 Christiansen et al. | Lasers Surg Med | 2007证据——皮肤焕新光动力光嫩肤:由皮肤自身引导的可计量光剂量脂质体 ALA 概念为光损伤皮肤而构建:递送低剂量前体,让皮肤荧光指示 PpIX 何时形成,然后以光激活。1.7 vs 1.1:荧光引导光动力嫩肤研究中,受试者自评肤质改善均值(0–4 分制)2007:在正常皮肤中测绘 0.5% 脂质体 ALA 的荧光动力学2009:荧光控制的光嫩肤:由皮肤信号决定光剂量2011:皱纹研究:30 名受试者,三次脂质体 ALA + IPL 疗程2011:以相同喷雾 + IPL 方案开展面部炎症性痤疮试点研究对产品开发的意义:喷雾剂型、0.5% 剂量水平与 IPL 联用均已在文献中共同发表——构成专业光激活皮肤护理的文献模板。Christiansen et al. | Lasers Surg Med | 2007 · Bjerring et al. | Lasers Surg Med | 2009; 41:327–336 · Piccioni et al. | 2011 · Yeung et al. | 2011临床证据——光嫩肤三次 0.5% 脂质体 ALA + IPL 疗程后皱纹评分下降改良 Fitzpatrick 皱纹量表平均评分(越低越轻)。为有序量表均值——并非皱纹深度的直接百分比度量。研究设计30 名面部光损伤皮肤受试者3 次 0.5% 脂质体 ALA 喷雾 + IPL 疗程疗程间隔 3 周末次疗程后随访 3 个月末次疗程与随访之间评分进一步改善——与治疗后持续进行的重塑反应一致。Piccioni et al. | J Dermatolog Treat | 2011 | DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2011.590791 | PMID: 21801099临床证据——真皮重塑皱纹评分之外:ALA-PDT 后的前胶原应答平均目标抗原染色(%),两次 ALA-PDT 前与 1 个月后的配对活检;数值按图 2C 近似读取。光激活方案——不构成对未光照 ALA 的宣称。原始组织学图(图 2B):Masson 三色染色——真皮胶原研究方案两次 ALA-PDT,间隔 1 个月;14 名面部光线性角化病患者;25 对治疗前与治疗后 1 个月的配对活检。组织学发现↑ 真皮总胶原;↑ I 型 / III 型前胶原↑ 表皮 TGF-β 及 TGF-β II 型受体↓ MMP-1、MMP-3、MMP-12(胶原降解酶)↓ 日光性弹性纤维变性;↓ 炎性浸润ALA-PDT → ↑ TGF-β → ↑ 前胶原 I/III → ↓ MMP-1/3/12 → ↓ 弹性纤维变性Park MY, Sohn S, Lee ES, Kim YC | J Am Acad Dermatol | 2010;62:85–95 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.06.025 | PMID: 19926165临床证据——痤疮毛囊递送支持炎症性痤疮改善毛囊皮脂腺单位:毛囊与皮脂腺作为递送靶点毛囊为何重要。炎症性痤疮是毛囊皮脂腺单位的疾病——正是脂质囊泡优先进入的结构。递送逻辑。亲脂的囊泡表面与皮脂相混,将亲水前体沿毛囊管向下输送。激活逻辑。PpIX 在皮脂腺组织形成;IPL 随后驱动局部光动力响应。0.5% 脂质体 ALA 喷雾 + IPL 后炎性皮损计数平均降幅(%);12 名受试者试点研究。Yeung et al. | Dermatol Surg | 2011 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.01929.x | PMID: 21414073证据——组织层面组织层面证据:PpIX 在载体递送之处形成全层离体皮肤——Maisch 2010一种 ALA 纳米乳在全层皮肤模型中诱导出可测量的 PpIX 荧光——被递送的前体到达活表皮并在该处代谢。离体人皮肤对比——Schmitz 2016制剂选择同时改变了表皮 ALA 递送量与 PpIX 形成量——决定组织剂量的不仅是活性物,还有载体。组织裂解液中 PpIX(nmol/L,中位数),离体人眼睑皮肤,10 名供体——按原文数据重绘(Schmitz et al., 2016)Maisch et al. | Exp Dermatol | 2010 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01001.x · Schmitz et al. | Photodiagn Photodyn Ther | 2016 | DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.11.004证据 — 影像影像证据:荧光跟随载体,而非仅跟随活性物Schmitz 2016,图 2——原图安慰剂纳米乳凝胶20% 乳膏图内标注:3 h、6 h、12 h=3、6、12小时;Hematoxylin & eosin=苏木精—伊红染色;PpIX fluorescence=PpIX荧光。三列依次为安慰剂、纳米乳凝胶、20%乳膏。H&E 与 PpIX 荧光冷冻切片;离体人眼睑皮肤,10 名供体。Christiansen 2007,图 6——原图毛囊/皮损选择性信号(A)vs 均匀信号(B)实测皮肤表面 PpIX 荧光:0.5% 脂质体 ALA 喷雾 3 小时无封包(A)vs 20% ALA 乳膏封包(B)。脂质载体将信号集中于毛囊与皮损。de Leeuw 2010,图 3——原图分脸对比,相同 IPL 参数后 1 天图内标注:0.5% 5-ALA liposomes=0.5% 5-ALA脂质体;20% cream 5-ALA=20% 5-ALA乳膏;After IPL treatment=IPL治疗后。0.5% 脂质体 ALA 喷雾无封包(左侧圈注区)vs 20% ALA 乳膏封包(右)。耐受性差异来自递送与方案——而非活性物。原始图片转载自所引文献,仅供科学参考;源图中出现的第三方商标名已作中性化处理。显微图像支持定位证据,不支持深度定量。Schmitz et al. | Photodiagn Photodyn Ther | 2016 | DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.11.004 · Christiansen et al. | Lasers Surg Med | 2007 | PMID: 17457834 · de Leeuw et al. | JEADV | 2010 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03447.x方案设计设计兼顾功效与舒适的方案表格按原行序展开,保留全部列名与数据。舒适是整个方案——配方、孵育与光照共同作用——的属性,而非仅靠包封。Christiansen et al. | Lasers Surg Med | 2007 | PMID: 17457834 · Dirschka et al. | JEADV | 2019 | PMID: 30022544日光光动力应用以日光为光源:简单、连续的方案为何持续低强度光能保持舒适在两小时日光中,PpIX 几乎在细胞合成它的同时被激活并光漂白。组织 PpIX 保持低稳态——累计光化学剂量得以递送,但浓度从不飙升到与治疗疼痛相关的范围。方案灵活性:应季自然日光,或不受天气与纬度限制的模拟日光灯(已在临床使用中验证)。图内标注:Assessment after 12 weeks=12周后评估。日光 PDT 原始治疗流程示意图(Wiegell et al., 2008,图 1)。专业临床方案——非消费者日晒指导。流程示意图:Wiegell et al. | Br J Dermatol | 2008 | PMID: 18294318 · 方案依据 Dirschka et al. | JEADV | 2019 | PMID: 30022544 · 模拟日光:Bai-Habelski et al. | 2021临床证据——日光日光 PDT:清除率相当,复发更低,疼痛极轻数值单位为%。单次日光 PDT;随机个体内对照 III 期,52 名光线性角化病患者。非劣效 P < 0.0001;复发率差异 P = 0.01。1.2vs >4日光暴露期间平均最大疼痛(VAS 0–10)——传统灯照 PDT 报告均值高于 4正确解读该证据适应症:光线性角化病——临床终点,此处作为递送平台证据展示,而非化妆品功效。载体:磷脂纳米乳凝胶——脂质体技术的近亲,在临床层面证明日光相容的 ALA 递送。设计:随机、分脸、非劣效;52 例随机、49 例符合方案;凝胶 = 10% ALA 盐酸盐(≈ 7.8% 游离酸)vs 16% ALA 甲酯乳膏。Dirschka et al. | J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol | 2019 | DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15185 | PMID: 30022544头皮科学毛囊生物学:囊泡递送的第二家园图内标注:Nanoparticle=纳米颗粒;Drug=药物;SC=角质层;E=表皮;D=真皮;Stratum corneum=角质层;Dermal-epidermal junction=真皮—表皮交界;Blood vessel=血管。毛囊处的颗粒递送路径:表面膜、毛囊管与毛囊深部渗透毛囊是有生命、周期性循环的微型器官毛囊基部的真皮乳头细胞驱动生长期—退行期—休止期循环。其代谢活性使其成为活性组合的有意义靶点。毛囊绕过屏障毛囊管深入真皮,深部缺乏成熟角质层——囊泡可利用的天然旁路。皮脂是脂质囊泡的盟友富皮脂的管道在化学上对磷脂囊泡友好,支持其在乳头附近潴留与释放。该路线的开发无需任何光激活——NanoActive Alavelle™ 的非光动力轨道。头皮科学乳头内部:ALA + 铁引发的 ERK/AKT 信号HMOX1(HO-1)保持不变——信号经由 ERK/AKT 传递,而非有时被假定的 ALA + 铁血红素加氧酶通路。正确解读该证据是组合,而非 ALA 单独。细胞与毛囊响应在 5-ALA 与铁共同供给时观察到;不能归因于 ALA 本身。是模型,而非患者。永生化真皮乳头细胞与离体毛囊器官培养是机制模型——临床终点需要临床研究。Ryu et al. | FEBS Open Bio | 2026 | DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.70230 | PMID: 41873782头皮科学毛囊模型的原始数据(开放获取)磷酸化激酶阵列——图 3A(原图)图内标注:Control_spot_1/2=对照点位1/2;5-ALA/FAC_spot_1/2=5-ALA/FAC处理点位1/2。原PPT此图未显示横轴项目名称,按原图保留,不补造标签。真皮乳头细胞相对磷酸化水平,1 µM 5-ALA/FAC vs 对照——ERK/AKT 轴激酶升高。毛囊器官培养——图 4B(原图)图内标注:D0/D5=第0/5天;Control=对照;5-ALA/FAC=5-ALA与FAC组合;Increased hair length (mm)=毛发长度增加值(mm)。星号对应原图显著性标记,正文标明P < 0.05。离体人毛囊器官培养 5 天毛干伸长,组合 vs 对照,n = 20,P < 0.05。原始图片依据 CC BY 4.0 转载(© 2026 作者;FEBS Open Bio / John Wiley & Sons)。结果属于 5-ALA + FAC 组合——不可归因于 ALA 单方——且属于模型体系,而非人体。Ryu et al. | FEBS Open Bio | 2026;16:1527–1536 | DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.70230 | PMID: 41873782 | 开放获取 CC BY 4.0头皮科学三个层级的毛发证据:细胞、毛囊、人体表格按原行序展开,保留全部列名与数据。三者共同成立的一点每一项阳性毛发结果都将 ALA 与铁源或肽类搭档组合——组合才是活性原则。这些研究均不使用光激活;这是化学与递送的故事,不是 PDT。Ryu et al. | FEBS Open Bio | 2026 | PMID: 41873782 · Lee et al. | Ann Dermatol | 2016 | PMID: 27489425 · Morokuma et al. | Int J Dermatol | 2008 | PMID: 19126021产品剂型喷雾与水性凝胶:围绕囊泡构建免洗喷雾无需揉搓即成薄而均匀的膜——温和对待处理部位。覆盖大面积,并可穿过头发到达头皮。低黏度天然适配水性囊泡分散体。先例:已发表的脂质体 ALA 皮肤研究均采用喷雾剂型。水性凝胶在需要精准定位的部位提供更长的驻留时间,剂量精确、可重复。水基凝胶让亲水 ALA 处于相容环境,递送工作交由囊泡完成。来自稳定性文献的配方护栏pH 约 5–6。平衡 ALA 化学稳定性与皮肤相容性。防氧避光。包装是稳定策略的一部分,而非事后补救。检测化学,而非仅胶体。跟踪 ALA 含量与吡嗪缩合杂质;仅凭粒径与 PDI 无法证明活性物存活。注意助溶剂用量。已发表的 ALA 纳米乳配方数据将过量多元醇与杂质生成相关联。Bunke et al. | J Pharm Sci | 2000 | PMID: 10980508 · Christiansen et al. | Lasers Surg Med | 2007 | PMID: 17457834头皮科学头皮护理概念:非光动力路线免洗头皮精华靶向毛囊管的囊泡分散体,设计为在乳头“门口”过夜驻留。日用滋养喷雾轻盈水基配方穿过头发实现广泛均匀覆盖——拥有已发表 ALA 头皮应用先例的剂型。预处理凝胶冲洗前可控、定时的接触——适合偏好明确暴露窗口的消费者。组合优先的设计已发表的毛发研究结果属于 ALA 与铁或肽类搭档的组合——概念围绕组合而非 ALA 单独进行配方设计。是概念,而非规格。以上为面向品牌合作伙伴的开发方向。浓度、包装与货架期由各合作方的配方与稳定性研究确定——且这些概念均不涉及光激活。依据:Ryu et al. | FEBS Open Bio | 2026 | PMID: 41873782 · Lee et al. | Ann Dermatol | 2016 | PMID: 27489425 · Morokuma et al. | Int J Dermatol | 2008 | PMID: 19126021专业应用光激活剂型:剂型、光照、证据这些是在临床环境中研究的专业方案。对 NanoActive Alavelle™ 而言,它们是平台证据——证明经设计的载体中的低浓度 ALA 在真实光照下发挥作用——而非化妆品产品宣称。Piccioni et al. | J Dermatolog Treat | 2011 | PMID: 21801099 · Yeung et al. | Dermatol Surg | 2011 | PMID: 21414073 · Dirschka et al. | JEADV | 2019 | PMID: 30022544 · Bai-Habelski et al. | Photodiagn Photodyn Ther | 2021 | DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.10269228给药途径科学另一条途径:口服 ALA 药代动力学的启示≈ 60%健康志愿者口服 5-ALA 生物利用度≈ 45 min消除半衰期——系统清除迅速吸收快、起效快、消除快——与任何免洗局部产品截然不同的动力学特征。途径特异性数据不可跨途径使用不可跨途径迁移。口服生物利用度与清除数据不能说明局部渗透——囊泡皮肤递送数据也不能说明口服暴露。需要独立的开发计划。任何基于 ALA 化学的口服概念都需要自己的法规与临床路径;此处讨论的 PURISOME® 平台针对局部递送。Dalton et al. | J Pharmacol Exp Ther | 2002 | DOI: 10.1124/jpet.301.2.507 | PMID: 11961050配方师清单决定 ALA 能否存活并发挥作用的六项决策Elfsson et al. | Eur J Pharm Sci | 1999 | PMID: 9845784 · Bunke et al. | J Pharm Sci | 2000 | PMID: 10980508 · Dalton et al. | J Pharmacol Exp Ther | 2002 | PMID: 11961050平台总结一个平台,四个有据可循的方向每个证据标识均对应参考文献部分的完整引文。NanoActive Alavelle™ 的产品规格由浦瑞生物医药按项目协议提供。结语一个分子,一个平台, 多种精心设计的剂型。01 稳定化学性质控制 pH 与氧,并以 ALA 及其缩合杂质的检测证明完整性。02 递送到关键部位柔性磷脂囊泡携带亲水 ALA 穿越屏障、循毛囊旁路深入。03 为舒适而设计低负载、短接触、温和光照——舒适是方案属性。浦瑞生物医药技术有限公司NanoActive Alavelle™ 氨基乙酰丙酸纳米脂质体 — PURISOME® 脂质体技术赋能创新成就健康与美丽法规声明:添加 NanoActive Alavelle™ 的成品必须符合其生产、销售所在国家或地区的法律法规。最终产品的法规合规由品牌方负责。参考文献参考文献(第 1 页,共 2 页)01 · Rick K, Sroka R, Stepp H, Kriegmair M, Huber RM, Jacob K, Baumgartner R. Pharmacokinetics of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX in skin and blood. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1997;40(3):313–319. DOI: 10.1016/S1011-1344(97)00076-6 · PMID: 937262202 · Elfsson B, Wallin I, Eksborg S, Rudaeus K, Ros AM, Ehrsson H. Stability of 5-aminolevulinic acid in aqueous solution. Eur J Pharm Sci. 1999;7(2):87–91. DOI: 10.1016/S0928-0987(98)00098-8 · PMID: 984578403 · Bunke A, Zerbe O, Schmid H, Burmeister G, Merkle HP, Gander B. Degradation mechanism and stability of 5-aminolevulinic acid. J Pharm Sci. 2000;89(10):1335–1341. PMID: 1098050804 · Dalton JT, Yates CR, Yin D, Straughn A, Marcus SL, Golub AL, Meyer MC. Clinical pharmacokinetics of 5-aminolevulinic acid in healthy volunteers and patients at high risk for recurrent bladder cancer. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002;301(2):507–512. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.301.2.507 · PMID: 1196105005 · Christiansen K, Bjerring P, Troilius A. 5-ALA for photodynamic photorejuvenation — optimization of treatment regime based on normal-skin fluorescence measurements. Lasers Surg Med. 2007;39(4):302–310. PMID: 1745783406 · Morokuma Y, Yamazaki M, Maeda T, Yoshino I, Ishizuka M, Tanaka T, Ito Y, Tsuboi R. Hair growth stimulatory effect by a combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid and iron ion. Int J Dermatol. 2008;47(12):1298–1303. PMID: 1912602107 · Bjerring P, Christiansen K, Troilius A, Bekhor P, de Leeuw J. Skin fluorescence controlled photodynamic photorejuvenation (wrinkle reduction). Lasers Surg Med. 2009;41(5):327–336.08 · Maisch T, Santarelli F, Schreml S, Babilas P, Szeimies RM. Fluorescence induction of protoporphyrin IX by a new 5-aminolevulinic acid nanoemulsion used for photodynamic therapy in a full-thickness ex vivo skin model. Exp Dermatol. 2010;19(8):e302–e305. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01001.x · PMID: 1984576009 · Oh EK, Jin SE, Kim JK, Park JS, Park Y, Kim CK. Retained topical delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid using cationic ultradeformable liposomes for photodynamic therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2011;44(1–2):149–157. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.07.003 · PMID: 2178294210 · Piccioni A, Fargnoli MC, Schoinas S, Suppa M, Frascione P, Ginebri A, Chimenti S, Peris K. Efficacy and tolerability of 5-aminolevulinic acid 0.5% liposomal spray and intense pulsed light in wrinkle reduction of photodamaged skin. J Dermatolog Treat. 2011;22(5):247–253. DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2011.590791 · PMID: 21801099参考文献参考文献(第 2 页,共 2 页)11 · Yeung CK, Shek SY, Yu CS, Kono T, Chan HH. Liposome-encapsulated 0.5% 5-aminolevulinic acid with intense pulsed light for the treatment of inflammatory facial acne: a pilot study. Dermatol Surg. 2011;37(4):450–459. DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.01929.x · PMID: 2141407312 · Lee WJ, et al. Efficacy of a complex of 5-aminolevulinic acid and glycyl-histidyl-lysine peptide on hair growth. Ann Dermatol. 2016;28(4). PMID: 2748942513 · Schmitz L, Novak B, Hoeh AK, Luebbert H, Dirschka T. Epidermal penetration and protoporphyrin IX formation of two different 5-aminolevulinic acid formulations in ex vivo human skin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2016;14:40–46. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.11.004 · PMID: 2660755614 · Ryu et al. Combined 5-aminolevulinic acid and ferric ammonium citrate treatment promotes hair follicle growth by activating dermal papilla cells. FEBS Open Bio. 2026. DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.70230 · PMID: 4187378215*Reinhold U. Review of a 7.8% ALA nanoemulsion gel for the photodynamic treatment of mild-to-moderate actinic keratosis. Future Oncol. 2017;13(27):2413–2428. DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0247 · PMID: 2880509216*Dirschka T, Ekanayake-Bohlig S, Dominicus R, et al. Randomized, intraindividual, non-inferiority phase III study of daylight photodynamic therapy comparing a 7.8% ALA nanoemulsion gel with MAL cream in actinic keratosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(2):288–297. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15185 · PMID: 3002254417*Bai-Habelski JC, Medrano K, Palacio A, Reinhold U. Prospective study of simulated daylight photodynamic therapy with an indoor daylight-reproducing system and a 7.8% ALA nanoemulsion gel in actinic keratosis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021;37:102692. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.10269218 · Park MY, Sohn S, Lee ES, Kim YC. Photorejuvenation induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in patients with actinic keratosis: a histologic analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62(1):85–95. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.06.025 · PMID: 1992616519de Leeuw J, van der Beek N, Bjerring P, Neumann HA. Photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris using 5-aminolevulinic acid 0.5% liposomal spray and intense pulsed light in combination with topical keratolytic agents. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24(4):460–469. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03447.x20 · Wiegell SR, Haedersdal M, Philipsen PA, Eriksen P, Enk CD, Wulf HC. Continuous activation of PpIX by daylight is as effective as and less painful than conventional photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses; a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study. Br J Dermatol. 2008;158(4):740–746. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08450.x · PMID: 18294318*标题以描述形式给出,以避免第三方商标名出现在本文件中;每篇文献均可通过 DOI/PMID 唯一确定。 ENGLISH VERSIONNanoActive Alavelle™Aminolevulinic Acid NanoliposomesProduct overviewNanoActive Alavelle™Aminolevulinic Acid Nanoliposomes · Advanced ALA Delivery for Skin and Scalp InnovationPowered by PURISOME® FlexVes™ Liposome TechnologyPurui Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd. · Innovation for Health and BeautyProduct identityOne active ingredient, engineered for deliveryProduct nameNanoActive Alavelle™ Aminolevulinic Acid NanoliposomesActive ingredient INCI nameAMINOLEVULINIC ACIDScientific identity5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)Delivery platformPURISOME® FlexVes™ Liposome TechnologyAMINOLEVULINIC ACID identifies the active component. The complete raw material is a multicomponent liposomal composition; see the technical documentation for the full INCI list.5-ALA is a natural biochemical precursor of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in the heme pathway.Application development landscape■ Sprays for facial and scalp coverage■ Topical aqueous gels■ Scalp serums and tonics■ Professional photoactivated treatments■ Daylight photodynamic applications■ Oral formulation developmentWhy this ingredient, why nowDevelopment opportunities5-ALA is one of the most extensively studied actives in photodynamic dermatology—and one of the most challenging to formulate.4 Interconnected opportunities, one delivery platform01 Stabilize the active. Protect a pH-sensitive hydrophilic molecule within engineered vesicles, turning aqueous stability measured in days into a usable shelf life.02 Deliver where it matters. Improve transport to target skin compartments and sebum-rich follicles, rather than leaving the active on the surface.One platform, multiple formats. Sprays, gels, scalp care, professional photoactivation and daylight photodynamic applications, with a separate oral development pathway.Design for comfort. Build dose, incubation and light exposure into the protocol so efficacy and tolerability are developed together.Mechanism of actionALA in cell biology: the heme pathwayWhat happens when ALA is supplied externally?Exogenous ALA bypasses the rate-limiting ALA synthase step and heme feedback control. In metabolically active cells, including sebaceous glands and proliferative epidermis, limited ferrochelatase capacity favors PpIX accumulation in target tissue.Schematic of heme biosynthesis. 5-ALA is a metabolic precursor of PpIX; it is not itself a photoactivated photosensitizer.Innovation pathwaysTwo routes to application innovationRoute A—photoactivated chemistryVesicular delivery → intracellular PpIX → controlled illumination → photodynamic responseSkin renewal and photorejuvenation: 0.5% liposomal ALA spray + IPL has been studied for wrinkles and photodamage.Pilosebaceous care: follicular delivery combined with IPL has been studied in inflammatory acne.Daylight protocols: continuous low-dose activation has clinical validation in actinic keratosis studies.Piccioni et al. | J Dermatolog Treat | 2011 · Yeung et al. | Dermatol Surg | 2011 · Dirschka et al. | JEADV | 2019Route B—non-photodynamic combinationsALA + iron/peptide cofactors → dermal papilla signaling → follicle researchNo light required. ALA combined with ferric ammonium citrate activates ERK/AKT signaling in dermal papilla cells and supports hair-shaft elongation in ex vivo human follicles.Combination logic. Peptide (GHK) and iron partners define the studied systems; results belong to the combination, not to ALA alone.Ryu et al. | FEBS Open Bio | 2026 · Lee et al. | Ann Dermatol | 2016 · Morokuma et al. | Int J Dermatol | 2008Formulation scienceWhy formulation matters: ALA is highly formulation-sensitive1 · A hydrophilic zwitterion facing a lipid barrierAt physiological pH, ALA carries both positive and negative groups and partitions poorly into the lipid-rich stratum corneum. Unformulated aqueous ALA largely remains on the surface.2 · pH-triggered dimerization, followed by oxidationAbove approximately pH 5, the deprotonated amino group of one ALA molecule attacks another molecule’s ketone group. The resulting dihydropyrazine (DHPY) oxidizes in air to inactive pyrazine (PY), with loss of PpIX-forming activity.3 · Second-order decay that antioxidants cannot stopDegradation accelerates with the square of the free ALA concentration. Chelators and antioxidants cannot stop the primary pathway; effective controls are pH, temperature and oxygen exclusion.Measured half-life of 1% aqueous ALA (50 °C)3 hpH 7.42—near physiological pH257 hpH 4.81—mild acidification37 dStable at pH 2.35—fully protonated amino groupThe active’s microenvironment—pH, oxygen and molecular mobility—determines shelf life. Formulation creates the challenge and provides the solution.Bunke et al. | J Pharm Sci | 2000 | PMID: 10980508 · Elfsson et al. | Eur J Pharm Sci | 1999 | PMID: 9845784Delivery platformPURISOME® FlexVes™: an architecture for hydrophilic activesPhospholipid bilayer membraneAqueous core—hydrophilic ALA payloadFlexible, skin-compatible vesicle designWhat this architecture doesAccommodates the payload correctly. ALA resides in aqueous and interfacial regions, associating with phospholipid headgroups rather than dissolving in oil.Stabilizes the chemistry. Restricted molecular mobility and controlled local pH slow the dimerization that degrades aqueous ALA.Prepares for delivery. A deformable lipid membrane supports partitioning into the stratum corneum and sebum-rich follicles.Published studies of liposomal ALA delivery and treatment protocols are cited as technical background for this platform class.PURISOME® FlexVes™ Liposome TechnologyFormulation scienceStability through formulation design01 Interfacial association. ALA associates with phospholipid headgroups, reducing free-molecule collisions that drive second-order dimerization.02 Microenvironmental pH. A mildly acidic interface keeps amino groups protonated and unable to attack neighboring ketone groups.03 Compartmentalization. Interfacial membranes restrict orientation and contact, turning one bulk phase into many isolated microenvironments.04 Locally reduced oxygen. The lipid environment limits oxygen access to DHPY intermediates, slowing irreversible oxidation to inactive PY.Published precedent. In a phospholipid nanovesicular gel containing 7.8% ALA, reported association with phosphatidylcholine polar headgroups extended stability from days in water to a shelf life of 24–36 months. PURISOME® vesicles apply the same physical rationale.Days Aqueous solution → 24–36 monthsReported shelf life of a 7.8% ALA nanovesicular gelQuality note: measure chemical stability (ALA content and pyrazine impurities) separately from vesicle size and appearance. Colloidal stability alone does not prove chemical stability. Antioxidants have little effect on the main condensation pathway; effective measures include pH below approximately 5 and oxygen exclusion.Reinhold | Future Oncol | 2017 | PMID: 28805092 · Bunke et al. | J Pharm Sci | 2000 | PMID: 10980508Formulation scienceAqueous vs nanovesicular systems: what changes for ALA?Table expanded in original row order; all column labels and data are retained.Read the shelf-life row correctly: 24–36 months refers to that specific proprietary nanovesicular gel. It is neither a general emulsion claim nor a NanoActive Alavelle™ specification. Every formulation needs its own stability program with ALA content and pyrazine impurities as endpoints; size and appearance alone cannot prove chemical stability.Bunke et al. | J Pharm Sci | 2000 | PMID: 10980508 · Reinhold | Future Oncol | 2017 | PMID: 28805092 · Elfsson et al. | Eur J Pharm Sci | 1999Delivery evidenceDelivery into skin and follicular compartmentsSchematic: smaller vesicles can pass between corneocytesConfocal cross-sections: as particle size decreases (a → c), fluorescent material reaches deeper skin layersParticle size defines the depth budgetVesicle size and membrane deformability determine how far the carrier delivers its payload. Comparative studies show that deformable liposomes can substantially improve ALA delivery into skin.Follicles provide a fast routeHair follicles and sebaceous glands bypass the stratum corneum and extend into the dermis. Lipid vesicles readily partition into this sebum-rich environment.Local retention rather than systemic absorptionThe goal is retention in skin compartments where PpIX forms. After topical ALA application, plasma levels remained within normal reference ranges; delivery is intended to be local.Oh et al. | Eur J Pharm Sci | 2011 | PMID: 21782942 · Schmitz et al. | Photodiagn Photodyn Ther | 2016 · Rick et al. | J Photochem Photobiol B | 1997Evidence—deliveryLow-concentration liposomal ALA: rapid, self-limiting PpIX formationA 0.5% liposomal ALA spray saturates skin fluorescence in approximately 2 hours, with clearance within 8 hours.Mean peak skin PpIX fluorescence, expressed as a percentage of maximum (healthy volunteers, n = 10). The source describes the protocols as statistically equivalent (P = 0.47).Plateau at about 2 h. Non-occluded 0.5% liposomal ALA reaches a fluorescence plateau after approximately two hours.Return to baseline within 8 h. The signal declines within minutes after removal and clears fully within eight hours, giving a short photosensitivity window.Comparison with 20% cream. Fluorescence continues rising for approximately eight hours after removal of the high-concentration cream, producing a longer, less controllable exposure tail.Concentrations here describe dose and kinetics, not a fold-increase in bioavailability.Christiansen et al. | Lasers Surg Med | 2007 | PMID: 17457834Mechanism—lightPhotoactivation: PpIX photochemistry needs photons and oxygenPpIX absorption profile: Soret band (approximately 405 nm) and Q bands (approximately 510–635 nm). Schematic, not to scale.Blue light, 405–417 nmRed light, 630–635 nmDaylight and IPL cover the full activation spectrum1 · Excitation. PpIX absorbs a photon and enters a long-lived triplet state.2 · Energy transfer. Triplet PpIX transfers energy to dissolved molecular oxygen (Type II photochemistry), producing singlet oxygen and ROS.3 · Local response. ROS act within micrometers of PpIX, mapping the response to the tissue reached by delivery.4 · Dose rate is a design variable. Spectrum, irradiance and duration shape efficacy and comfort. Continuous low-rate daylight activation can deliver a comparable cumulative dose with much less pain than high-intensity lamps.For photochemistry and PpIX photophysics, see Bunke et al. | J Pharm Sci | 2000 and Christiansen et al. | Lasers Surg Med | 2007.Evidence—skin renewalPhotodynamic photorejuvenation: a measurable light dose guided by the skinThe liposomal ALA concept was developed for photodamaged skin: deliver a low-dose precursor, use skin fluorescence to indicate PpIX formation, then activate it with light.1.7 vs 1.1Mean participant-rated improvement in skin quality in a fluorescence-guided photodynamic rejuvenation study (0–4 scale)2007Mapping the fluorescence kinetics of 0.5% liposomal ALA in normal skin2009Fluorescence-controlled photorejuvenation: skin signals determine the light dose2011Wrinkle study: 30 participants, three liposomal ALA + IPL sessions2011A pilot study in inflammatory facial acne using the same spray + IPL approachImplication for development: spray format, a 0.5% dose and IPL use have been published together, providing a literature template for professional photoactivated skin care.Christiansen et al. | Lasers Surg Med | 2007 · Bjerring et al. | Lasers Surg Med | 2009; 41:327–336 · Piccioni et al. | 2011 · Yeung et al. | 2011Clinical evidence—photorejuvenationWrinkle scores fall after three 0.5% liposomal ALA + IPL sessionsMean modified Fitzpatrick wrinkle scores (lower is milder). These are means on an ordinal scale, not direct percentage measurements of wrinkle depth.Study design30 participants with facial photodamageThree sessions of 0.5% liposomal ALA spray + IPLThree-week intervalsFollow-up three months after the final sessionScores improved further between the last session and follow-up, consistent with ongoing post-treatment remodeling.Piccioni et al. | J Dermatolog Treat | 2011 | DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2011.590791 | PMID: 21801099Clinical evidence—dermal remodelingBeyond wrinkle scores: the procollagen response after ALA-PDTMean target-antigen staining (%), paired biopsies before and one month after two ALA-PDT sessions. Values are approximate readings from Figure 2C. This is a photoactivation protocol, not evidence for unilluminated ALA.Original histology (Figure 2B): Masson’s trichrome staining of dermal collagenStudy protocolTwo ALA-PDT sessions one month apart; 14 patients with facial actinic keratoses; 25 paired biopsies before treatment and one month afterward.Histological findings↑ Total dermal collagen; ↑ type I/III procollagen↑ Epidermal TGF-β and TGF-β receptor II↓ MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-12 (collagen-degrading enzymes)↓ Solar elastosis; ↓ inflammatory infiltratesALA-PDT → ↑ TGF-β → ↑ procollagen I/III → ↓ MMP-1/3/12 → ↓ elastosisPark MY, Sohn S, Lee ES, Kim YC | J Am Acad Dermatol | 2010;62:85–95 | DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.06.025 | PMID: 19926165Clinical evidence—acneFollicular delivery supports improvement in inflammatory acnePilosebaceous unit: the hair follicle and sebaceous gland as delivery targetsWhy follicles matter. Inflammatory acne is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit, a structure preferentially accessed by lipid vesicles.Delivery rationale. The lipophilic vesicle surface mixes with sebum, carrying the hydrophilic precursor down the follicular canal.Activation rationale. PpIX forms in sebaceous tissue; IPL then drives a local photodynamic response.Mean reduction in inflammatory lesion counts (%) after 0.5% liposomal ALA spray + IPL; pilot study in 12 participants.Yeung et al. | Dermatol Surg | 2011 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.01929.x | PMID: 21414073Evidence—tissue levelTissue evidence: PpIX forms where the carrier delivers ALAFull-thickness ex vivo skin—Maisch 2010An ALA nanoemulsion induced measurable PpIX fluorescence in a full-thickness skin model: the delivered precursor reached viable epidermis and was metabolized there.Ex vivo human skin comparison—Schmitz 2016Formulation choice changed both epidermal ALA delivery and PpIX formation. The carrier, as well as the active, determines the tissue dose.PpIX in tissue lysates (nmol/L, median), ex vivo human eyelid skin from 10 donors; redrawn from the reported data (Schmitz et al., 2016).Maisch et al. | Exp Dermatol | 2010 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.01001.x · Schmitz et al. | Photodiagn Photodyn Ther | 2016 | DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.11.004Evidence—imagingImaging evidence: fluorescence follows the carrier, not just the activeSchmitz 2016, Figure 2—original imagePlaceboNanoemulsion gel20% creamImage labels: 3 h, 6 h and 12 h; hematoxylin & eosin; PpIX fluorescence. Columns: placebo, nanoemulsion gel, 20% cream.H&E and PpIX fluorescence cryosections; ex vivo human eyelid skin from 10 donors.Christiansen 2007, Figure 6—original imageFollicle/lesion-selective signal (A) vs uniform signal (B)Measured skin-surface PpIX fluorescence: 0.5% liposomal ALA spray for 3 h without occlusion (A) vs occluded 20% ALA cream (B). The lipid carrier concentrates the signal in follicles and lesions.de Leeuw 2010, Figure 3—original imageSplit-face comparison, one day after identical IPL settingsImage labels: 0.5% 5-ALA liposomes; 20% 5-ALA cream; after IPL treatment.Non-occluded 0.5% liposomal ALA spray (left circled area) vs occluded 20% ALA cream (right). Tolerability differs with delivery and protocol, rather than with the active alone.Original images reproduced from the cited publications for scientific reference. Third-party trademarks appearing in the source images were neutralized in the supplied PPT. Microscopy supports localization, not quantitative depth measurement.Schmitz et al. | Photodiagn Photodyn Ther | 2016 | DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.11.004 · Christiansen et al. | Lasers Surg Med | 2007 | PMID: 17457834 · de Leeuw et al. | JEADV | 2010 | DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03447.xProtocol designDesigning for efficacy and comfort togetherTable expanded in original row order; all column labels and data are retained.Comfort is a property of the whole protocol—formulation, incubation and illumination—not encapsulation alone.Christiansen et al. | Lasers Surg Med | 2007 | PMID: 17457834 · Dirschka et al. | JEADV | 2019 | PMID: 30022544Daylight photodynamic applicationsDaylight as the light source: a simple, continuous protocolWhy continuous low-intensity light can remain comfortableDuring two hours of daylight, PpIX is activated and photobleached almost as soon as cells synthesize it. Tissue PpIX stays at a low steady state, delivering cumulative photochemical exposure without the concentration spikes associated with treatment pain.Protocol flexibility: seasonal natural daylight or simulated-daylight lamps that avoid weather and latitude constraints, both evaluated clinically.Image label: assessment after 12 weeks.Original daylight PDT treatment schematic (Wiegell et al., 2008, Figure 1). A professional clinical protocol, not consumer sun-exposure guidance.Schematic: Wiegell et al. | Br J Dermatol | 2008 | PMID: 18294318 · Protocol: Dirschka et al. | JEADV | 2019 | PMID: 30022544 · Simulated daylight: Bai-Habelski et al. | 2021Clinical evidence—daylightDaylight PDT: comparable clearance, lower recurrence and very little painValues are percentages. Single-session daylight PDT; randomized intraindividual controlled phase III study in 52 patients with actinic keratoses. Non-inferiority P < 0.0001; recurrence difference P = 0.01.1.2 vs >4Mean maximum pain during daylight exposure (VAS 0–10), compared with reported mean values above 4 for conventional lamp-based PDTReading the evidence correctlyIndication: actinic keratosis, a clinical endpoint shown here as delivery-platform evidence, not cosmetic efficacy.Carrier: a phospholipid nanoemulsion gel, related to liposomal technology, clinically demonstrating daylight-compatible ALA delivery.Design: randomized split-face non-inferiority study; 52 randomized, 49 per protocol; gel = 10% ALA hydrochloride (approximately 7.8% free acid), versus 16% methyl aminolevulinate cream.Dirschka et al. | J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol | 2019 | DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15185 | PMID: 30022544Scalp scienceFollicle biology: a second home for vesicular deliveryImage labels: nanoparticle, drug; SC = stratum corneum, E = epidermis, D = dermis; dermal–epidermal junction; blood vessel.Particle-delivery pathways at the follicle: surface film, follicular canal and deeper follicular penetrationThe follicle is a living, cycling mini-organDermal papilla cells at its base drive the anagen–catagen–telogen cycle. Their metabolic activity makes them a relevant target for active combinations.Follicles bypass the barrierThe follicular canal extends into the dermis, with no mature stratum corneum in deeper regions—a natural bypass available to vesicles.Sebum supports lipid vesiclesThe sebum-rich canal is chemically compatible with phospholipid vesicles, supporting retention and release near the papilla.This development route requires no photoactivation: the non-photodynamic track for NanoActive Alavelle™.Scalp scienceInside the papilla: ERK/AKT signaling triggered by ALA + ironHMOX1 (HO-1) remained unchanged. Signaling involved ERK/AKT, rather than the sometimes-assumed ALA + iron heme oxygenase pathway.Reading the evidence correctlyA combination, not ALA alone. Cellular and follicular responses were observed with joint 5-ALA and iron exposure and cannot be attributed to ALA itself.Models, not patients. Immortalized dermal papilla cells and ex vivo follicle organ culture are mechanistic models. Clinical endpoints require clinical studies.Ryu et al. | FEBS Open Bio | 2026 | DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.70230 | PMID: 41873782Scalp scienceOriginal data from follicle models (open access)Phospho-kinase array—Figure 3A (original)Image labels: Control_spot_1/2 and 5-ALA/FAC_spot_1/2. The supplied PPT image has no visible x-axis item names; none have been inferred.Relative phosphorylation in dermal papilla cells, 1 µM 5-ALA/FAC vs control: increased kinases along the ERK/AKT axis.Follicle organ culture—Figure 4B (original)Image labels: D0/D5 = days 0/5; control; 5-ALA/FAC combination; increased hair length (mm). The asterisk is the original significance marker; P < 0.05 is specified in the text.Hair-shaft elongation after five days of ex vivo human follicle organ culture, combination vs control, n = 20, P < 0.05.Original images reproduced under CC BY 4.0 (© 2026 the authors; FEBS Open Bio / John Wiley & Sons). Results belong to the 5-ALA + FAC combination, not ALA alone, and to model systems rather than human clinical outcomes.Ryu et al. | FEBS Open Bio | 2026;16:1527–1536 | DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.70230 | PMID: 41873782 | Open access CC BY 4.0Scalp scienceThree levels of hair evidence: cells, follicles and humansTable expanded in original row order; all column labels and data are retained.What the three studies have in commonEvery positive hair-related result combined ALA with an iron source or peptide partner: the combination is the active principle. None used photoactivation; this is a chemistry-and-delivery pathway, not PDT.Ryu et al. | FEBS Open Bio | 2026 | PMID: 41873782 · Lee et al. | Ann Dermatol | 2016 | PMID: 27489425 · Morokuma et al. | Int J Dermatol | 2008 | PMID: 19126021Product formatsSprays and aqueous gels: built around vesiclesLeave-on sprayForms a thin, even film without rubbing, treating the application site gently. Covers large areas and reaches the scalp through hair. Low viscosity naturally suits aqueous vesicle dispersions.Precedent: the published liposomal ALA skin studies used spray formulations.Aqueous gelProvides longer residence at precisely targeted sites, with accurate, repeatable dosing.A water-based gel keeps hydrophilic ALA in a compatible environment while vesicles handle delivery.Formulation guardrails from the stability literaturepH approximately 5–6. Balance ALA chemical stability with skin compatibility.Protect from oxygen and light. Packaging is part of the stability strategy.Test chemistry, not just colloids. Track ALA content and pyrazine condensation impurities; size and PDI alone cannot establish active integrity.Watch cosolvent levels. Published ALA nanoemulsion data associate excess polyols with impurity formation.Bunke et al. | J Pharm Sci | 2000 | PMID: 10980508 · Christiansen et al. | Lasers Surg Med | 2007 | PMID: 17457834Scalp scienceScalp-care concepts: the non-photodynamic routeLeave-on scalp serumA vesicle dispersion targeting the follicular canal, designed for overnight residence near the papilla’s “doorway.”Daily nourishing mistA lightweight aqueous formula provides broad, even coverage through hair, using a format with published precedent in ALA scalp applications.Pretreatment gelControlled, timed contact before rinsing, for consumers who prefer a defined exposure window.Combination-first designPublished hair-study results belong to ALA combined with iron or peptide partners. Formulate the concept around the combination, not ALA alone.Concepts, not specifications. These are development directions for brand partners. Concentration, packaging and shelf life depend on each partner’s formulation and stability studies. None of these concepts involves photoactivation.Basis: Ryu et al. | FEBS Open Bio | 2026 | PMID: 41873782 · Lee et al. | Ann Dermatol | 2016 | PMID: 27489425 · Morokuma et al. | Int J Dermatol | 2008 | PMID: 19126021Professional applicationsPhotoactivated formats: formulation, light and evidenceTable expanded in original row order; all column labels and data are retained.How Purui Biomedical positions this evidenceThese are professional protocols studied in clinical settings. For NanoActive Alavelle™, they provide platform evidence that low-concentration ALA in engineered carriers works under real illumination, rather than cosmetic product claims.Piccioni et al. | J Dermatolog Treat | 2011 | PMID: 21801099 · Yeung et al. | Dermatol Surg | 2011 | PMID: 21414073 · Dirschka et al. | JEADV | 2019 | PMID: 30022544 · Bai-Habelski et al. | Photodiagn Photodyn Ther | 2021 | DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102692Route-specific scienceAnother route: lessons from oral ALA pharmacokinetics≈60%Oral 5-ALA bioavailability in healthy volunteers≈45 minElimination half-life—rapid systemic clearanceRapid absorption, onset and clearance: kinetics fundamentally different from a topical leave-on product.Route-specific data cannot be transferred across routesNo cross-route extrapolation. Oral bioavailability and clearance do not establish topical penetration, and vesicular skin-delivery data do not establish oral exposure.A separate development program is required. Any oral concept based on ALA chemistry needs its own regulatory and clinical pathway. The PURISOME® platform discussed here targets topical delivery.Dalton et al. | J Pharmacol Exp Ther | 2002 | DOI: 10.1124/jpet.301.2.507 | PMID: 11961050Formulator’s checklistSix decisions that determine whether ALA survives and performsTable expanded in original row order; all column labels and data are retained.Elfsson et al. | Eur J Pharm Sci | 1999 | PMID: 9845784 · Bunke et al. | J Pharm Sci | 2000 | PMID: 10980508 · Dalton et al. | J Pharmacol Exp Ther | 2002 | PMID: 11961050Platform overviewOne platform, four evidence-informed directionsTable expanded in original row order; all column labels and data are retained.Each evidence label corresponds to a full citation in the reference section. NanoActive Alavelle™ product specifications are provided by Purui Biomedical under project-specific agreements.Closing perspectiveOne molecule, one platform, multiple thoughtfully designed formats.01 Stabilize the chemistryControl pH and oxygen; demonstrate integrity by testing ALA and its condensation impurities.02 Deliver where it mattersFlexible phospholipid vesicles carry hydrophilic ALA across the barrier and along the follicular bypass.03 Design for comfortLow loading, short contact and gentle illumination: comfort is a protocol property.Purui Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd.NanoActive Alavelle™ Aminolevulinic Acid Nanoliposomes—powered by PURISOME® Liposome TechnologyInnovation for Health and BeautyRegulatory statement: finished products containing NanoActive Alavelle™ must comply with the laws and regulations of the countries or regions where they are manufactured and sold. The brand is responsible for final-product regulatory compliance.ReferencesReferences (Part 1 of 2)01 · Rick K, Sroka R, Stepp H, Kriegmair M, Huber RM, Jacob K, Baumgartner R. Pharmacokinetics of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX in skin and blood. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1997;40(3):313–319. DOI: 10.1016/S1011-1344(97)00076-6 · PMID: 937262202 · Elfsson B, Wallin I, Eksborg S, Rudaeus K, Ros AM, Ehrsson H. Stability of 5-aminolevulinic acid in aqueous solution. Eur J Pharm Sci. 1999;7(2):87–91. DOI: 10.1016/S0928-0987(98)00098-8 · PMID: 984578403 · Bunke A, Zerbe O, Schmid H, Burmeister G, Merkle HP, Gander B. Degradation mechanism and stability of 5-aminolevulinic acid. J Pharm Sci. 2000;89(10):1335–1341. PMID: 1098050804 · Dalton JT, Yates CR, Yin D, Straughn A, Marcus SL, Golub AL, Meyer MC. Clinical pharmacokinetics of 5-aminolevulinic acid in healthy volunteers and patients at high risk for recurrent bladder cancer. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002;301(2):507–512. DOI: 10.1124/jpet.301.2.507 · PMID: 1196105005 · Christiansen K, Bjerring P, Troilius A. 5-ALA for photodynamic photorejuvenation — optimization of treatment regime based on normal-skin fluorescence measurements. Lasers Surg Med. 2007;39(4):302–310. PMID: 1745783406 · Morokuma Y, Yamazaki M, Maeda T, Yoshino I, Ishizuka M, Tanaka T, Ito Y, Tsuboi R. Hair growth stimulatory effect by a combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid and iron ion. Int J Dermatol. 2008;47(12):1298–1303. PMID: 1912602107 · Bjerring P, Christiansen K, Troilius A, Bekhor P, de Leeuw J. Skin fluorescence controlled photodynamic photorejuvenation (wrinkle reduction). Lasers Surg Med. 2009;41(5):327–336.08 · Maisch T, Santarelli F, Schreml S, Babilas P, Szeimies RM. Fluorescence induction of protoporphyrin IX by a new 5-aminolevulinic acid nanoemulsion used for photodynamic therapy in a full-thickness ex vivo skin model. Exp Dermatol. 2010;19(8):e302–e305. 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Efficacy of a complex of 5-aminolevulinic acid and glycyl-histidyl-lysine peptide on hair growth. Ann Dermatol. 2016;28(4). PMID: 2748942513 · Schmitz L, Novak B, Hoeh AK, Luebbert H, Dirschka T. Epidermal penetration and protoporphyrin IX formation of two different 5-aminolevulinic acid formulations in ex vivo human skin. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2016;14:40–46. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.11.004 · PMID: 2660755614 · Ryu et al. Combined 5-aminolevulinic acid and ferric ammonium citrate treatment promotes hair follicle growth by activating dermal papilla cells. FEBS Open Bio. 2026. DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.70230 · PMID: 4187378215*Reinhold U. Review of a 7.8% ALA nanoemulsion gel for the photodynamic treatment of mild-to-moderate actinic keratosis. Future Oncol. 2017;13(27):2413–2428. DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0247 · PMID: 2880509216*Dirschka T, Ekanayake-Bohlig S, Dominicus R, et al. Randomized, intraindividual, non-inferiority phase III study of daylight photodynamic therapy comparing a 7.8% ALA nanoemulsion gel with MAL cream in actinic keratosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2019;33(2):288–297. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15185 · PMID: 3002254417*Bai-Habelski JC, Medrano K, Palacio A, Reinhold U. Prospective study of simulated daylight photodynamic therapy with an indoor daylight-reproducing system and a 7.8% ALA nanoemulsion gel in actinic keratosis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2021;37:102692. DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.10269218 · Park MY, Sohn S, Lee ES, Kim YC. Photorejuvenation induced by 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in patients with actinic keratosis: a histologic analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62(1):85–95. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.06.025 · PMID: 1992616519de Leeuw J, van der Beek N, Bjerring P, Neumann HA. Photodynamic therapy of acne vulgaris using 5-aminolevulinic acid 0.5% liposomal spray and intense pulsed light in combination with topical keratolytic agents. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24(4):460–469. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03447.x20 · Wiegell SR, Haedersdal M, Philipsen PA, Eriksen P, Enk CD, Wulf HC. Continuous activation of PpIX by daylight is as effective as and less painful than conventional photodynamic therapy for actinic keratoses; a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study. Br J Dermatol. 2008;158(4):740–746. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08450.x · PMID: 18294318*Descriptive titles are used to avoid third-party trademarks in this document. Each publication can be identified uniquely by its DOI/PMID.