BACKGROUND & PURPOSEThe constant emergence and broad toxicological effects of synthetic cannabinoids create a discernible public health threat. The synthetic cannabinoid AMB-FUBINACA (AMB-FUB) is a potent agonist at the CB₁ receptor and has been associated with numerous fatalities. Synthetic cannabinoids are commonly abused alongside other drugs and medications, including a "party pill" drug, para-fluorophenylpiperazine (pFPP), and the antipsychotic risperidone. This research aimed to investigate the mechanisms underpinning AMB-FUB toxicity and the impact of clinically relevant co-exposures in vivo.EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHMale and female C57Bl/6 mice received a single dose of AMB-FUB (3 or 6 mg kg^-1), pFPP (10 or 20 mg kg^-1) or vehicle intraperitoneally. Mice were co-exposed to AMB-FUB (3 mg kg^-1) and pFPP (10 mg kg^-1) or risperidone (0.5 mg kg^-1) to investigate these drug combinations. To study receptor-dependency and potential rescue of AMB-FUB toxicity, rimonabant (3 mg kg^-1) was administered both pre- and post-AMB-FUB. Adverse effects caused by drug administration, including hypothermia and convulsions, were recorded.KEY RESULTSAMB-FUB induced CB₁-dependent hypothermia and convulsions in mice. The combination of AMB-FUB and pFPP significantly potentiated hypothermia, as did risperidone pre-treatment. Interestingly, risperidone provided significant protection from AMB-FUB-induced convulsions in female mice. Pre- and post-treatment with rimonabant was able to significantly attenuate both hypothermia and convulsions in mice administered AMB-FUB.CONCLUSION & IMPLICATIONSFactors such as dose, CB₁ signalling, and substance co-exposure significantly contribute to the toxicity of AMB-FUBINACA. Mechanistic understanding of synthetic cannabinoid toxicity and fatality can help inform overdose treatment strategies and identify vulnerable populations of synthetic cannabinoid users.

2023-09-01·Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

Effect of Short PSG Peptides on Inflammatory Markers in Allogeneic Bone Marrow Cell Transplantation in Wistar Rats

Article

作者: Timganova, V P ; Zamorina, S A ; Lyubimov, A V ; Uzhviyuk, S V ; Raev, M B ; Bochkova, M S ; Gutina, E V

Short linear peptide fragments of placental trophoblastic β1-glycoprotein (PSG) (YECE, YQCE, YVCS, and YACS) were studied in the context of their immunomodulatory effects at the level of inflammatory markers. The original host-versus-graft model was used in male Wistar rats without prior conditioning of recipient bone marrow. A composition of PSG peptide fragments was injected to animals after allogeneic transplantation of bone marrow cells in a dynamic experiment, inflammatory markers α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP, orosomucoid), α2-macroglobulin (α2M) were assayed by ELISA, and biochemical parameters (total protein, glucose, creatinine, and urea) were measured. The levels of α2M and AGP increased in response to allotransplantation, whereas administration of PSG peptides normalized serum α2M levels by the end of the experiment. The decrease in α2M level coincided with the independent effect of PSG peptide administration. The levels of total protein, glucose, creatinine, and urea in rat serum after allotransplantation were reduced throughout the experiment. Administration of PSG peptides contributed to normalization of serum total protein, creatinine, and urea levels by the end of the experiment. Administration of PSG peptides after allogeneic transplantation of bone marrow suspension contributed to normalization of the levels of α2M, total protein, creatinine, and urea, which can be interpreted as an anti-inflammatory effect of these peptides.

2023-06-01·The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics

TAK-994, a Novel Orally Available Brain-Penetrant Orexin 2 Receptor-Selective Agonist, Suppresses Fragmentation of Wakefulness and Cataplexy-Like Episodes in Mouse Models of Narcolepsy.

Article

作者: Hara, Hiroe ; Miyanohana, Yuhei ; Tohyama, Kimio ; Koike, Tatsuki ; Ishikawa, Takashi ; Kawano, Ayumi ; Kajita, Yuichi ; Kimura, Haruhide

Loss of orexin neurons is associated with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), which is characterized by multiple symptoms including excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy. Orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) knockout (KO) mice, but not orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) KO mice, show narcolepsy-like phenotypes, thus OX2R agonists are potentially promising for treating NT1. In fact, in early proof-of-concept studies, intravenous infusion of danavorexton, an OX2R-selective agonist, significantly increased wakefulness in individuals with NT1. However, danavorexton has limited oral availability. Here, we report pharmacological characteristics of a novel OX2R agonist, TAK-994 [N-{(2S,3S)-1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl)-2-[(2,3',5'-trifluorobiphenyl-3-yl)methyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl}methanesulfonamide sesquihydrate]. TAK-994 activated recombinant human OX2R (EC₅₀ value of 19 nM) with > 700-fold selectivity against OX1R and activated OX2R-downstream signaling similar to those by orexin peptides in vitro. Oral administration of TAK-994 promoted wakefulness in normal mice but not in OX2R KO mice. TAK-994 also ameliorated narcolepsy-like symptoms in two mouse models of narcolepsy: orexin/ataxin-3 mice and orexin-tTA;TetO diphtheria toxin A mice. The wake-promoting effects of TAK-994 in orexin/ataxin-3 mice were maintained after chronic dosing for 14 days. These data suggest that overall in vitro and in vivo properties, except oral availability, are very similar between TAK-994 and danavorexton. Preclinical characteristics of TAK-994 shown here, together with upcoming clinical study results, can improve our understanding for orally available OX2R agonists as new therapeutic drugs for NT1 and other hypersomnia disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is caused by a loss of orexin neurons, and thus an orexin 2 receptor (OX2R) agonist is considered to address the underlying pathophysiology of NT1. Oral administration of TAK-994, a novel OX2R agonist, promoted wakefulness in normal mice, but not in OX2R knockout mice, and ameliorated fragmentation of wakefulness and cataplexy-like episodes in mouse models of narcolepsy. These findings indicate that TAK-994 is an orally available brain-penetrant OX2R-selective agonist with potential to improve narcolepsy-like symptoms.

项与 YDE-011 相关的新闻（医药）

2024-09-30

·PRNewswire

Neurocrine Biosciences's Crinecerfont is Set to Transform the Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Treatment Market | DelveInsight

Neurocrine Biosciences has announced that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted its two New Drug Applications (NDA) for crinecerfont, granting them Priority Review designations. The applications cover the treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). If approved, crinecerfont would represent the first new treatment for CAH in 70 years and the first-in-class therapy offering a novel mechanism of action to address this rare and serious endocrine disorder. LAS VEGAS, Sept. 30, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- CAH refers to a rare set of inherited autosomal recessive disorders that impair hormone production in the adrenal glands, which sit on top of the kidneys. Normally, these glands produce three types of hormones: corticosteroids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens. CAH is mostly caused by mutations in the 21-hydroxylase gene, which accounts for more than 90% of cases. In rare instances, mutations in the 11-hydroxylase gene can also lead to CAH. In the 7MM, the US accounted for the highest prevalent cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in 2023, with around 50% of the total prevalent cases across the 7MM; these numbers are expected to increase during the forecast period (2024–2034). DelveInsight's analysis reveals that a higher prevalence of diagnosed congenital adrenal hyperplasia is observed in the 18-year-old and above age group across the 7MM. Among mutation-based congenital adrenal hyperplasia cases, 21 OHD (CYP21A2 gene mutation) represents a higher prevalence compared to 11-Beta hydroxylase (CYP11B1 gene mutation), and others. The approach to managing CAH differs significantly based on its type and severity. While CAH cannot be completely cured, it can be managed effectively. For classical CAH, treatment begins shortly after birth and continues throughout the individual's life. Those with classical CAH should work with a team of healthcare professionals, including experts in pediatric endocrinology, uro-gynecologic surgery, psychology, and genetics. With appropriate care, individuals with classical CAH can lead normal and satisfying lives. In contrast, treatment for non-classical CAH may not be necessary, depending on the severity of symptoms. The management of classic CAH focuses on three main objectives: correcting adrenal insufficiency, lowering adrenal androgens to appropriate levels, and preventing iatrogenic hypercortisolism. Hydrocortisone is the primary glucocorticoid used, administered two to three times daily with higher doses in the morning and lower doses in the evening to align with the body's natural circadian rhythm. For NC-CAH, cortisol replacement is generally unnecessary, except in specific situations such as adult women with hyperandrogenism and fertility problems, or pediatric patients experiencing rapidly advancing precocious puberty. Currently, the only medication approved in Europe for CAH treatment is EFMODY (Hydrocortisone Modified-release Hard Capsules) by Neurocrine Biosciences. Learn more about the FDA-approved congenital adrenal hyperplasia drugs @ Drugs for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Treatment EFMODY replicates the natural circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion. It compensates for low cortisol levels in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, aiding in the management of the condition's symptoms. Approved for use in adolescents aged 12 and older, as well as adults, EFMODY uses hydrocortisone—a glucocorticoid that affects various tissues through intracellular steroid receptors. Containing synthetic cortisol, EFMODY gradually releases it in the intestines to mimic the body's natural cortisol release, helping to restore hormone balance and alleviate condition-related issues. In May 2021, the EMA approved EFMODY for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia in patients aged 12 and above. Diurnal launched the drug in Germany and Austria in September 2021, and later in the United Kingdom. In November 2022, Neurocrine Biosciences acquired Diurnal for approximately USD 55 million. To know more about congenital adrenal hyperplasia treatment options, visit @ New Treatment for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia The congenital adrenal hyperplasia pipeline is strong with many companies working in the domain. Various potential therapies that are projected to enter during the forecast period include Neurocrine Biosciences' Crinecerfont, Spruce Biosciences' Tildacerfont (SPR001), Crinetics Pharmaceuticals' Atumelnant (CRN04894), BridgeBio's BBP-631, Lundbeck's Lu AG13909, and others. Discover which therapies are expected to grab major congenital adrenal hyperplasia market share @ Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Market Report Crinecerfont is an investigational oral medication that acts as a selective antagonist for the corticotropin-releasing factor Type 1 receptor (CRF1). It's being developed to manage and regulate high levels of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) and adrenal androgens without relying on glucocorticoids, specifically for treating congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency. By blocking the CRF1 receptor, Crinecerfont reduces the overproduction of ACTH, which in turn decreases the excess production of androgens seen in CAH patients. This mechanism aims to normalize hormone levels and address the root cause of the condition. In July 2024, Neurocrine Biosciences announced that the FDA has accepted its two New Drug Applications (NDAs) for crinecerfont, both with Priority Review designations. These applications are for treating classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia in children, adolescents, and adults. If approved, crinecerfont would become the first new treatment for CAH in 70 years and a pioneering therapy with a novel approach for this rare endocrine disorder. The NDAs for crinecerfont include (1) a capsule formulation (NDA# 218808) and (2) an oral solution formulation (NDA# 218820), both addressing the efficacy and safety of crinecerfont for classic CAH. The FDA has set Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) target action dates for these applications as December 29 and December 30, 2024, respectively. The FDA has indicated it does not plan to hold an advisory committee meeting regarding these NDAs. Crinecerfont received an Orphan Drug designation (ODD) in March 2019 and a Breakthrough Therapy designation (BTD) in December 2023. The results from the CAHtalyst Phase III trial, involving both pediatric and adult patients with CAH caused by 21-OHD, were published online in The New England Journal of Medicine on June 2 and June 1, respectively, and were also presented at ENDO 2024. BBP-631 is a gene therapy in development using adeno-associated virus (AAV) to target the root cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. This therapy aims to deliver a functional copy of the 21-hydroxylase gene directly to the adrenal glands, where hormones are produced. Animal studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in providing consistent and long-term delivery to the adrenal glands. If successful, BBP-631 could help restore natural hormone and steroid levels in people with CAH, allowing them to produce cortisol and aldosterone—something no current treatments or clinical trials can achieve. BridgeBio envisions this gene therapy as a potential solution to correct the hormonal imbalance caused by CAH. Tildacerfont is a new-generation antagonist targeting the Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF1) receptor. It aims to significantly enhance disease management and decrease reliance on steroids for patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia and other conditions associated with high ACTH levels. By binding to CRF1 receptors, tildacerfont reduces the overproduction of ACTH and, consequently, lowers the production of adrenal androgens like androstenedione in patients with CAH and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). In August 2024, Spruce Biosciences announced that the top-line results from the CAHmelia-204 study, which evaluates tildacerfont in adult CAH patients, and the CAHptain-205 study, which assesses the drug in both adult and pediatric CAH patients, are expected to be released in the fourth quarter of 2024. Discover more about drugs for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in development @ Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Clinical Trials The anticipated launch of these emerging therapies for congenital adrenal hyperplasia are poised to transform the market landscape in the coming years. As these cutting-edge therapies continue to mature and gain regulatory approval, they are expected to reshape the congenital adrenal hyperplasia market landscape, offering new standards of care and unlocking opportunities for medical innovation and economic growth. DelveInsight estimates that the market size for congenital adrenal hyperplasia is expected to grow from USD 20 billion in 2023 with a tremendous CAGR of ~40% by 2034. This growth can be attributed to the introduction of upcoming therapies and the rising prevalence of the disease. DelveInsight's latest published market report titled as Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Market Insight, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 will help you to discover which market leader is going to capture the largest market share. The report provides comprehensive insights into the congenital adrenal hyperplasia country-specific treatment guidelines, patient pool analysis, and epidemiology forecast to help understand the key opportunities and assess the market's underlying potential. The congenital adrenal hyperplasia market report proffers epidemiological analysis for the study period 2020–2034 in the 7MM segmented into: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Gender-specific Cases of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Age-specific Cases of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Mutation-based Cases of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Type-specific Cases of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia The report provides an edge while developing business strategies by understanding trends shaping and driving the 7MM congenital adrenal hyperplasia market. Highlights include: 11-year Forecast 7MM Analysis Epidemiology-based Market Forecasting Historical and Forecasted Market Analysis up to 2034 Emerging Drug Market Uptake Peak Sales Analysis Key Cross Competition Analysis Industry Expert's Opinion Access and Reimbursement Download this congenital adrenal hyperplasia market report to assess the epidemiology forecasts, understand the patient journeys, know KOLs' opinions about the upcoming treatment paradigms, and determine the factors contributing to the shift in the congenital adrenal hyperplasia market. Also, stay abreast of the mitigating factors to improve your market position in the congenital adrenal hyperplasia therapeutic space. Related Reports Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Pipeline Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Pipeline Insight – 2024 report provides comprehensive insights about the pipeline landscape, pipeline drug profiles, including clinical and non-clinical stage products, and the key CAH companies, including Spruce Biosciences, Lundbeck, among others. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Epidemiology Forecast Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Epidemiology Forecast – 2032 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, and CAH epidemiology trends. Adrenal Crisis Market Adrenal Crisis Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report deliver an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, market share of the individual therapies, and key adrenal crisis companies including Eton Pharmaceuticals, Antares Pharma , among others. Adrenal Crisis Pipeline Adrenal Crisis Pipeline Insight – 2024 report provides comprehensive insights about the pipeline landscape, pipeline drug profiles, including clinical and non-clinical stage products, and the key adrenal crisis companies, including Eton Pharmaceuticals, Antares Pharma, among others. About DelveInsight DelveInsight is a leading Business Consultant and Market Research firm focused exclusively on life sciences. It supports pharma companies by providing comprehensive end-to-end solutions to improve their performance. Get hassle-free access to all the healthcare and pharma market research reports through our subscription-based platform PharmDelve . Contact Us Shruti Thakur [email protected] +14699457679 Logo: SOURCE DelveInsight Business Research, LLP WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

临床3期上市批准突破性疗法优先审批

2024-03-01

·Science Daily

Study paves the way for better diagnosis and treatment of endocrine diseases

A team of researchers has discovered a new method of measuring levels of cortisol directly from a blood sample, and this marks a significant step forward in diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of diseases. A new Danish study may be the first step towards much faster and more accurate diagnosis of a wide range of conditions that require regulation of the body's stress hormone: cortisol. The researchers have discovered a groundbreaking method of measuring levels of free cortisol directly from a blood sample very simply and quickly with just a few drops of blood. This is in sharp contrast to the current practice, which is both demanding and imprecise. "The current methods of measuring free cortisol from blood or saliva are very onerous and require processing of the sample. The most common method is therefore to collect urine over a few days instead. Unfortunately, collecting every drop of urine over several days requires great perseverance from patients. It can be almost impossible, even if the patients are hospitalised, and this is probably why we see up to 60 per cent variation in the urine free cortisol measurements in the individual patient," explains Andreas Lodberg, MD and postdoc at the Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University. Accurate and reliable method The new method addresses many of these challenges, as it uses a so-called cell-based assay. This not only improves the accuracy and reliability of cortisol measurements, but also evens out the high variation normally observed in patient samples. An assay is the analytical procedure used to measure the level of a substance -- in this case cortisol. Currently, immunoassays using antibodies is the most common method, but the possibility of using the cell-based assay HEK293F-GRE opens completely new doors. This makes it possible to measure the total level of cortisol, including both natural free cortisol and synthetic cortisol from medicinal products. Measures total hormone level The new approach has the potential to remove the limitations associated with current methods. Traditional tests, for example, cannot distinguish synthetic cortisol from natural cortisol, which is problematic in patients who have received treatment with synthetic cortisol. This can lead to misdiagnoses or incorrect dosage of medication. The cell-based test eliminates this problem by measuring the total hormone level. "Being able to measure the total cortisol level accurately means we can potentially adapt treatment more precisely and reduce the risk of side effects," explains Andreas Lodberg. A possible game changer In this way, the test can be a game changer for diagnosing and treating patients who need cortisol regulation. This may be stress-related illnesses such as anxiety and depression, chronic illnesses such as diabetes and cancer, and inflammatory diseases such as allergies and asthma. Andreas Lodberg emphasises that there is still a need to explore how the method can best be integrated into clinical practice. The goal is to make the test available using a standard blood sample for doctors to improve patient care. "Our validation shows that this method meets the stringent criteria set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, making it a promising candidate for future use in clinical laboratories," says Andreas Lodberg.

100 项与 YDE-011 相关的药物交易

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