作者: Zhang, Shen ; Wang, Dengtai ; Cheng, Hairong ; Li, Xiaoxiao ; Hu, Caijiao ; Wang, Zhaoqi ; Zhang, Zhihao ; Deng, Mengjie ; Huang, Haibin ; Yue, Han

PM_2.5 pollution in China has decreased dramatically, but how its health effects change is not clear. There are 120 old industrial cities in China, where the sources, composition, and health effects of PM_2.5 may be significantly different with other cities. Huangshi, an old industrial city in central China, underwent intense green transformations from 2015 to 2018. In this study, we collected ambient PM_2.5 samples in 2015 and 2018 at an urban site in Huangshi. The average PM_2.5 concentration decreased from 83.44 ± 48.04 μg/m³ in 2015 to 68.03 ± 39.41 μg/m³ in 2018. However, the average volume-normalized dithiothreitol (DTT_v) of PM_2.5 increased from 1.38 ± 0.45 nmol/min/m³ to 2.14 ± 1.31 nmol/min/m³ and the DTT normalized by particulate mass (DTT_m) increased from 20.6 ± 10.1 pmol/min/μg to 40.07 ± 21.9 pmol/min/μg, indicating increased exposure risk and inherent toxicity. The increased toxicity of PM_2.5 might be related to the increased trace elements (TEs) concentrations. The positive matrix factorization and multiple linear regression methods were employed to quantify the contributions of emission sources to PM_2.5 and DTT_v. The results showed that the contribution of coal combustion, industry, and dust to PM_2.5 decreased significantly from 2015 to 2018, while that of vehicle emission and secondary sources increased. Despite the decreased fraction of coal combustion and industry sources, their contribution to DTT_v increased slightly, which was caused by the increased intrinsic toxicity. The increased intrinsic toxicity was possibly caused by increased TEs, such as Pb, Cu, and V. Besides, the contribution of vehicle emission to DTT_v also increased. Overall, these results provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of controlling strategies in reducing particulate health impacts in old industrial cities, and stress the necessity of formulating toxicity-oriented controlling strategies, with special attention to TEs from coal combustion and industry sources as well as vehicle emissions.

2024-06-01·Journal of Food Science and Technology

Preparation and characterization of vitamin A microcapsules nutrient fortified salt

Article

作者: Ye, Shuhong ; Ding, Yan ; Xu, Nuocheng ; Zhou, Ting ; Li, Yue

Vitamin A, also known as retinol, is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays crucial role in various physiological functions In vivo. However, factors such as light, oxygen, and others may impact the stability of V_A. To enhance its stability. This study microencapsulated V_A, Gelatin, carboxymethyl cellulose, and salt were mixed in a ratio of 5:1:0.1 as the shell material. Additionally, 12% TG and 3.5% sucrose ester were added with core-shell ratio of 1:8. The experimental results indicated that V_A microcapsules exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 81.12%, after 9 weeks of storage this rate decreased to 75.38%, and the encapsulated V_A oil did not exhibit extravasation. The addition of an appropriate amount of salt to the shell material enhanced the mechanical properties of the shell material, compared to the shell material without added salt, the leakage of V_A in the salt-added sample decreased by 5.8% for 30 min and 14.5% for 60 min. In vitro release experiments showed that after 3 h of incubation in simulated gastric fluid, the microcapsules had an 18.52% release rate. In simulated intestinal fluid, this increased to 66.58%, indicating strong enteric solubility.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-024-05962-w.

2024-04-01·Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

A Massive Venlafaxine Intoxication: Evolution of Cardiac Toxicity with Venlafaxine and O-Desmethylvenlafaxine Elimination Kinetics: A Grand Round

Article

作者: Decheiver, Sarah ; Fikanni, Amine ; N'Zoué Kanga, Sita ; Tifrea, Andrea ; Pihan, Franck ; Tifrea, Marius ; Flint, Harry ; Vandroux, David ; Marsaud, Jean-Philippe ; Couderc, Sylvain ; Sahar, Abdallah ; Gabriel, Anthony

Background:This study presents the case of a 19-year-old woman who attempted suicide by ingesting 11.25 g of venlafaxine (V). She was admitted to the hospital with severe biventricular dysfunction, progressing to cardiac arrest requiring extracorporeal circulatory life support for 11 days. The pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine during impaired cardiac output and the effect of its active metabolite, the O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV), are currently not very well understood.Methods and Results:Serum concentrations of V and ODV were monitored twice daily for 3 weeks. The maximum concentrations of venlafaxine and ODV were at 14 hours after ingestion, with 29,180 mcg/L for V and 5399 mcg/L for ODV. Half-lives increased, requiring 2 weeks to eliminate the drug. The left ventricular ejection fraction significantly improved when V + ODV was below 1000 mcg/L and remained altered until the ODV concentrations were lower than 400 mcg/L.Conclusions:This report, with complete elimination kinetic of V and ODV in a monodrug intoxication, provides information about the modification of pharmacokinetics in the case of an overdose managed by extracorporeal circulatory life support, the cardiac toxicity of ODV, and the value of the toxic threshold for the active moiety.

100 项与干燥细胞培养日本脑炎疫苗(Osaka University) 相关的药物交易

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