A new strain capable of removing ammonium and nitrate nitrogen from animal farm wastewater was isolated and identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri strain AY4. Nitrogen balance analysis showed 52.9% and 63.2% of NH 4+ -N and NO 3− -N conversion to gaseous nitrogen, respectively, in laboratory conditions. Strain AY4 was also able to remove 92.7%, 95.8%, and 91.4% of total nitrogen, NH 4+ -N, and NO 3− -N in the real farm wastewater, which was significantly greater than that of the uninoculated control group. The quantitative real-time PCR experiment showed that the transcript levels of glnA , glnE , amtB , napA , narI , nirB , and nirD genes related to nitrogen metabolism were significantly upregulated during wastewater treatment. Strain AY4 showed high potential working in low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and wide range of temperature adaptability, which makes it suitable for wastewater treatment in various environmental conditions. In addition, the study of transcript levels of genes related to nitrogen metabolism is important for revealing the mechanism of action of P. stutzeri in wastewater treatment.

IMPORTANCE:

The heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri strain AY4, isolated in this study, simultaneously removed ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen from wastewater. Upregulation of the transcript levels of glnA , glnE , amtB , napA , narI , nirB , and nirD genes associated with nitrogen metabolism favored the removal of nitrogen from actual wastewater. The isolation of novel strains with nitrogen removal ability has positively contributed to the treatment of nitrogen-containing farm wastewater.

2024-11-01·EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Protective effects of menthol against olanzapine-induced metabolic alterations in female mice

Article

作者: Kuhad, Anurag ; Singh, Raghunath ; Bansal, Yashika ; Kondepudi, Kanthi Kiran ; Bishnoi, Mahendra ; Sodhi, Rupinder Kaur ; Kumar, Hemant

AIM:

Metabolic comorbidities such as obesity type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia are the major contributors for lower life expectancy and reduced patient compliance during antipsychotic therapy in patients with severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. TRPM8 activation by menthol is also reported to alleviate high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Additionally, this TRPM8 activation leads to increase in gene expression of thermogenic genes in white adipocytes and dietary menthol was found to increase browning of WAT along with improved glucose utilization. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the plausible role of TRPM8 channels in olanzapine-induced metabolic alterations in female balb/c mice.

METHODS:

6 weeks olanzapine (6 mg kg^-1, per oral) model was used in female balb/c mice. Pharmacological manipulation of TRPM8 channel was done using menthol and N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-[(3-methylphenyl)methoxy]-N-(2-thienylmethyl)-benzamide (AMTB), the agonist and antagonist respectively.

KEY RESULTS:

Menthol co-treatment for six weeks prevented olanzapine-induced metabolic alterations such as weight gain, increased food intake, decreased energy expenditure, adiposity, liver lipid accumulation, systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. Although no significant change in TRPM8 mRNA expression was found in the hypothalamus, however, some of the protective effects of menthol were absent in presence of AMTB indicating possible involvement of TRPM8 channels.

CONCLUSION:

Our results suggest possible therapeutic implications of menthol in the management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain and other metabolic alterations.

2024-03-01·Biochemistry and biophysics reports

Bromelain regulates TRP channels to induce orofacial nociception relief in adult zebrafish

Article

作者: Campos, Adriana Rolim ; de Sena, Gabriella Mesquita ; Rodrigues, Ana Lívia Oliveira de Sousa ; Vieira-Neto, Antônio Eufrásio ; Ribeiro, Saulo Rodrigo Lucas ; Santos, Sacha Aubrey Alves Rodrigues

Bromelain, the main protease enzyme found in the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus), has had its antinociceptive effect previously demonstrated. This investigation aimed to appraise the role of TRP (Transient Receptor Potential) channels in the nociception-relieving effects of bromelain in the orofacial region of adult zebrafish. The animals were pretreated with bromelain (3.0, 10.0 or 30.0 mg/mL; gavage) and submitted to open field and acute orofacial (capsaicin - TRPV1 agonist, cinnamaldehyde - TRPA1 agonist or menthol - TRPM8 agonist) nociception tests. The investigation also explored the contribution of central afferent C-fibers. Naive groups were included for comparison. Bromelain did not independently affect the zebrafish movement patterns. However, bromelain decreased the nociceptive responses elicited by all three TRP channel activators. Capsazepine (TRPV1 inhibitor) and AMTB (TRPM8 inhibitor), but not HC-030031 (TRPA1 inhibitor), prevented the antinociceptive effect of bromelain. Moreover, capsaicin-induced desensitization effectively nullified the antinociceptive effect of bromelain. Collectively, these findings corroborate the therapeutic relevance of bromelain as a suppressor of orofacial nociception, which seems to be intricately connected to the modulation of TRP channels.

100 项与 AMTB 相关的药物交易

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