AbstractAlthough bowl‐shaped N‐pyrrolic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can achieve excellent electron‐donating ability, their application for optoelectronics is hampered by typically low photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). To address this issue, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of curved and fully conjugated nitrogen‐doped PAHs. Through structural modifications to the electron‐accepting moiety, we are able to switch the mechanism of luminescence between thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP), and to tune the overall PLQY in the range from 9 % to 86 %. As a proof of concept, we constructed solid‐state organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices, which has not been explored to date in the context of concave N‐doped systems being TADF/RTP emitters. The best‐performing dye, possessing a peripheral trifluoromethyl group adjacent to the phenazine acceptor, exhibits yellow to orange emission with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 12 %, which is the highest EQE in a curved D‐A embedded N‐PAH to date.

2010-11-01·The American Journal of Sports Medicine1区 · 医学

Return to Play after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in National Football League Athletes

1区 · 医学

Article

作者: McMichael, Christopher S. ; Fleisig, Glenn S. ; Shah, Vishal M. ; Lemak, Lawrence J. ; Andrews, James R.

Background Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a common and potentially career-threatening injury in the National Football League (NFL). The return to play (RTP) percentage and the factors affecting RTP after ACL reconstruction in NFL players are not well defined. Purpose To determine the actual rate of return to professional football play in the NFL after ACL reconstruction surgery and to determine what factors can predict ability to RTP. We hypothesize that the RTP percentage in this unique patient population will differ from previously reported populations. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Forty-nine NFL athletes who had undergone primary ACL reconstruction at our institution were followed to determine their RTP percentages and factors predicting RTP. Results Sixty-three percent (31 of 49) of NFL athletes returned to NFL game play at an average of 10.8 months after surgery. Age at time of surgery, position, and the type and number of procedures were not significantly different between those who did and did not return to play. The average number of games before surgery was 51 for those who did return to play and 28 for those who did not (P = .039). The odds ratio favoring RTP was 5.5 (P = .016) for those players who had more than 4 years of NFL experience before surgery. The average NFL draft round was 3.4 for the group who returned to play and 6.4 for those who did not (P < .001). The odds ratio favoring RTP was 12.2 (P < .001) for those players drafted in the first 4 rounds of the NFL draft compared with those drafted after the fourth round. Conclusions The RTP rates after ACL reconstruction in NFL football players are lower than previously perceived. More experienced and established athletes are more likely to return to competition at the same level after this procedure than those with less professional experience. Being selected in the first 4 rounds of the NFL draft was highly predictive of RTP.

Materials Horizons2区 · 材料科学

Controllable room temperature phosphorescence, mechanoluminescence and polymorphism of a carbazole derivative

2区 · 材料科学

Article

作者: Gong, Wenqi ; Zhang, Hongyan ; Huang, Guangxi ; Ma, Huili ; Li, Bing Shi ; Tang, Ben Zhong ; Huang, Wenbin ; He, Zikai

A carbazole derivative with room temperature phosphorescence, mechanoluminescence and polymorphism was designed and it was further utilized for preparing multicolored ML systems. The role of structure/packing on these novel properties was explored.

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