Acetylcysteine lysinate

Vascular access is regarded as the "lifeline" for maintaining hemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). An optimal vascular access ensures adequate blood flow, thereby facilitating effective dialysis and enhancing patient quality of life. Here, we develop near-infrared-II (NIR-II) imaging with individualized NIR-II probes to optimize preoperative and postoperative evaluations of hemodialysis vascular access. The β-LG@IR-780 with renal excretion can clearly visualize the macroscopic vascular network preoperatively, thereby optimizing surgical planning. Postoperatively, multi-channel crosstalk-free imaging enables real-time assessment of arteriovenous fistula maturation, patency, and thrombus formation within grafts, while simultaneously delineating the anatomical structures and hemodynamic characteristics of graft vessels, autologous vessels, and surrounding nerves/lymphatic systems. In chronic kidney disease (CKD) models, the rapid hepatobiliary-excreted probe IR-808Ac is essential-it circumvents metabolic interference from renal impairment on renally cleared probes, enabling repeated safe and effective in vivo imaging. Our strategies enable real-time monitoring and complication diagnosis, not only improving surgical accuracy and reducing intraoperative bleeding but also enhancing the success rate of arteriovenous fistulas and patient quality of life. This technique holds broad clinical application prospects and substantial promotion value.

The impact of the isoxazole derivative of usnic acid, ISOXUS (formerly known as 2b) on cancer and non-cancerous cell metabolism was investigated. ISOXUS significantly reduced the utilisation of most metabolic substrates that produce NADH or FADH2, mitochondrial electron flow and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in contrast to HB2 normal epithelial cells. Molecular docking revealed that ISOXUS inhibits mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II, which was confirmed experimentally. Disturbance of electron flow in MCF-7 cells resulted in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. They appeared crucial for ISOXUS-induced cancer cell vacuolization and a drop in survival as an antioxidant, α-tocopherol, protected against these processes. These findings indicate that ISOXUS is a metabolic inhibitor that targets mitochondrial complex II in breast cancer cells resulting in diminished ATP production and increased ROS formation which translates into reduced cell viability.