Treponemal Antibody Seroprevalence Using a Multiplex Bead Assay from Samples Collected during the 2018 Nigeria HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey: Searching for Yaws in Nigeria.

Article

作者: Okoye, McPaul ; Abubakar, Ado ; Ye, Tun ; William, Nwachukwu ; Martin, Diana ; Alagi, Matthias ; Kamb, Mary ; Mba, Nwando ; Greby, Stacie ; Guagliardo, Sarah Anne J ; Agala, Ndidi ; Cooley, Gretchen ; Iriemenam, Nnaemeka ; Parameswaran, Nishanth

Yaws is a chronic, relapsing disease of skin, bone, and cartilage caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue. Yaws was last reported in Nigeria in 1996, although neighboring countries have recently reported cases. We investigated serological evidence for yaws among children aged 0-14 years in Nigeria by measuring antibodies to the treponemal antigens rp17 and TmpA in blood specimens from a 2018 nationally representative HIV survey using a multiplex bead assay. The presence of antibodies to both antigens ("double positive") likely reflects current or recent treponemal infection. Overall, 1.9% (610/31,549) of children had anti-TmpA antibodies, 1.5% (476/31,549) had anti-rp17 antibodies, and 0.1% (39/31,549) were double positive. Among households, 0.5% (84/18,021) had a double-positive child, with a clustering of double-positive children. Although numbers are low, identification of antibodies to both TmpA and rp17 may warrant investigation, including more granular epidemiologic and clinical data, to assess the potential for continuing yaws transmission in Nigerian children.

2023-03-23·International journal of molecular sciences

Intestinal Carnitine Status and Fatty Acid Oxidation in Response to Clofibrate and Medium-Chain Triglyceride Supplementation in Newborn Pigs.

Article

作者: Liu, Hsiao-Ching ; Zhao, Jinan ; Pike, Brandon ; Hicks, Julie A. ; Wang, Feng ; Odle, Jack ; Lin, Xi ; Hagen, Rachel

To investigate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) in carnitine status and intestinal fatty acid oxidation in neonates, a total of 72 suckled newborn piglets were assigned into 8 dietary treatments following a 2 (±0.35% clofibrate) × 4 (diets with: succinate+glycerol (Succ), tri-valerate (TC5), tri-hexanoate (TC6), or tri-2-methylpentanoate (TMPA)) factorial design. All pigs received experimental milk diets with isocaloric energy for 5 days. Carnitine statuses were evaluated, and fatty acid oxidation was measured in vitro using [1-¹⁴C]-palmitic acid (1 mM) as a substrate in absence or presence of L659699 (1.6 µM), iodoacetamide (50 µM), and carnitine (1 mM). Clofibrate increased concentrations of free (41%) and/or acyl-carnitine (44% and 15%) in liver and plasma but had no effects in the intestine. The effects on carnitine status were associated with the expression of genes involved in carnitine biosynthesis, absorption, and transportation. TC5 and TMPA stimulated the increased fatty acid oxidation rate induced by clofibrate, while TC6 had no effect on the increased fatty acid oxidation induced by clofibrate (p > 0.05). These results suggest that dietary clofibrate improved carnitine status and increased fatty acid oxidation. Propionyl-CoA, generated from TC5 and TMPA, could stimulate the increased fatty acid oxidation rate induced by clofibrate as anaplerotic carbon sources.

2023-02-01·Journal of the American Chemical Society

Reductive Coupling of Nitric Oxide by Cu(I): Stepwise Formation of Mono- and Dinitrosyl Species En Route to a Cupric Hyponitrite Intermediate

Article

作者: Josef, Verena ; Karlin, Kenneth D. ; Albert, Therese ; Moënne-Loccoz, Pierre ; Swart, Marcel ; Franke, Alicja ; Ivanović-Burmazović, Ivana ; Bhadra, Mayukh

Transition-metal-mediated reductive coupling of nitric oxide (NO_(g)) to nitrous oxide (N₂O_(g)) has significance across the fields of industrial chemistry, biochemistry, medicine, and environmental health. Herein, we elucidate a density functional theory (DFT)-supplemented mechanism of NO_(g) reductive coupling at a copper-ion center, [(tmpa)Cu^I(MeCN)]⁺ (1) {tmpa = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine}. At -110 °C in EtOH (<-90 °C in MeOH), exposing 1 to NO_(g) leads to a new binuclear hyponitrite intermediate [{(tmpa)Cu^II}₂(μ-N₂O₂^2-)]²⁺ (2), exhibiting temperature-dependent irreversible isomerization to the previously characterized κ²-O,O'-trans-[(tmpa)₂Cu₂^II(μ-N₂O₂^2-)]²⁺ (OO^Xray) complex. Complementary stopped-flow kinetic analysis of the reaction in MeOH reveals an initial mononitrosyl species [(tmpa)Cu(NO)]⁺ (1-(NO)) that binds a second NO molecule, forming a dinitrosyl species [(tmpa)Cu^II(NO)₂] (1-(NO)₂). The decay of 1-(NO)₂ requires an available starting complex 1 to form a dicopper-dinitrosyl species hypothesized to be [{(tmpa)Cu}₂(μ-NO)₂]²⁺ (D) bearing a diamond-core motif, en route to the formation of hyponitrite intermediate 2. In contrast, exposing 1 to NO_(g) in 2-MeTHF/THF (v/v 4:1) at <-80 °C leads to the newly observed transient metastable dinitrosyl species [(tmpa)Cu^II(NO)₂] (1-(NO)₂) prior to its disproportionation-mediated transformation to the nitrite product [(tmpa)Cu^II(NO₂)]⁺. Our study furnishes a near-complete profile of NO_(g) activation at a reduced Cu site with tripodal tetradentate ligation in two distinctly different solvents, aided by detailed spectroscopic characterization of metastable intermediates, including resonance Raman characterization of the new dinitrosyl and hyponitrite species detected.

100 项与 TMPA (Xiamen University) 相关的药物交易

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