Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies, exacerbated by the limited efficacy and significant adverse effects associated with current chemotherapies. Thus, there is an urgent need for more effective and less toxic treatment options. Irinotecan, the water-soluble prodrug of 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38), is clinically used for cancer treatment but the efficacy has been compromised by insufficient conversion to its active metabolite SN38. To address these challenges and to expand the repertoire of our previous prodrug chemical engineering, we here developed a dual-modification prodrug strategy to re-constitute this potent DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor SN38 for PDAC treatment. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were employed as pro-moieties to synthesize mono- or dual-engineered SN38 prodrugs through covalent conjugation to its hydroxyl groups. These prodrugs were then assembled with biodegradable amphiphilic block polymers to form intravenously injectable cytotoxic nanoparticles. The dual-engineered prodrugs demonstrated improved compatibility with the polymer matrices compared to their mono-modified counterparts, leading to enhanced stability and sustained drug release. These optimized nanotherapeutics exhibited markedly higher cytotoxic activity against PDAC cells in vitro than irinotecan. In a preclinical subcutaneous PDAC mouse model, these nanoparticles showed high antitumor activity and were well tolerated. Furthermore, compared to the clinically approved drugs (e.g., Irinotecan and nanoliposomal irinotecan), this prodrug formulation had superior pharmacokinetic property and in vivo antitumor efficacy in an orthotopic PDAC model. Our findings contribute valuable insights into refining prodrug strategies and nanoparticle formulations to potentially overcome existing delivery barriers and enhance the clinical translatability of therapies for PDAC.