作者: Gouvêa, Vinícius N ; Marques, Rodrigo S ; Santos, Flávio A P ; Batistel, Fernanda ; Oliveira, Mario O ; Duff, Glenn C ; Giacomelli, Hiam Jardel M ; Cooke, Reinaldo F ; Colombo, Eduardo A

AbstractThis experiment evaluated the effects of roughage levels and supplemental fat on intake, growth performance, health, and physiological responses of newly received finishing cattle during 58-d receiving period. A total of 72 crossbred steers (initial body weight [BW] = 200 ± 13 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, consisting of two roughage levels (wheat hay at 30% [R30] or 60% [R60]; dry matter [DM] basis) and two levels of supplemental fat (yellow grease at 0% [−FAT; no additional fat] or 3.5% [+FAT]; DM basis). Upon arrival, calves were individually weighed, blocked by off-truck shrunk BW, and assigned to 24 soil-surfaced pens (three calves per pen). Shrunk BW was also collected on day 58 for the calculation of average daily gain (ADG). Throughout the study, calves were assessed for bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Effects of roughage level × supplemental fat interaction were only observed for diet particle size distribution and estimated physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) of diets (P ≤ 0.10). Adding fat to R60 diets tended to increase the percentage of particles retained in the 8-mm screen (P = 0.06) and the estimated peNDF (P = 0.10), but did not affect R30 diets. Dietary roughage level did not affect DM intake (DMI; P = 0.85). Calves-fed R30 tended to have greater ADG and final BW than calves-fed R60 (P ≤ 0.08). Gain efficiency (gain:feed ratio; G:F) was greater for calves-fed R30 than calves-fed R60 (P = 0.01). Dietary roughage level did not affect morbidity and mortality (P ≥ 0.11). Supplemental fat did not affect DMI (P = 0.6) but tended (P = 0.09) to increase ADG compared to –FAT diets. The G:F was greater for calves-fed +FAT than –FAT (P = 0.03). The +FAT diet tended (P = 0.10) to increase the number of retreatments against BRD compared to −FAT, although the total number of antimicrobial treatments required to treat sick calves (P = 0.78) and the mortality rate (P = 0.99) were not affected by supplemental fat. Feeding +FAT diet tended (P ≤ 0.09) to increase plasma concentration of cortisol and immunoglobulin-G compared to –FAT. In summary, feeding 30% roughage diets or adding 3.5% yellow grease (DM basis) as supplemental fat increased G:F during the feedlot receiving period.

2021-09-01·Experimental Physiology3区 · 医学

Protective effects of Enterococcus faecium strain R30 supplementation on decreased muscle endurance under disuse in rats

3区 · 医学

Article

作者: Hirabayashi, Takumi ; Nakanishi, Ryosuke ; Tanaka, Minoru ; Ono, Kohei ; Tategaki, Airo ; Kondo, Hiroyo ; Hirayama, Yusuke ; Fujino, Hidemi ; Ishihara, Akihiko ; Ikeji, Takuya

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?Does Enterococcus faecium strain R30 (R30), a new lactic acid bacterial strain for supplementation, attenuate shifts in the typology of whole muscle fibres from slow‐ to fast‐twitch by altering the autonomic nervous system in atrophied skeletal muscles?

What is the main finding and its importance?R30 supplementation may attenuate the shifts in the typology of whole muscle fibres from slow‐ to fast‐twitch fibres by upregulating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α and activating the calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated T‐cells signalling pathway, thus ameliorating the decrease in muscle endurance associated with disuse.

AbstractEnterococcus faecium strain R30 (R30), a new lactic acid bacterial strain for supplementation, was hypothesized to attenuate shifts in the typology of whole muscle fibres from slow‐ to fast‐twitch fibres in atrophied skeletal muscles. We further postulated that the prevention of slow‐to‐fast fibre shifts would suppress the decreased muscle endurance associated with atrophy. To evaluate the protective effects of R30, we analysed slow‐to‐fast fibre shifts and disuse‐associated reduced muscle endurance. R30 was administered to rats with an acclimation period of 7 days before hindlimb unloading (HU) for 2 weeks. The composition ratio of the fibre type and the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T‐cells (NFAT) were measured. Muscle endurance was evaluated at the end of the 2‐week HU period in an in situ environment. R30 supplementation suppressed the slow‐to‐fast fibre switch and decreased the HU‐induced expression of PGC‐1α proteins and the deactivation of the calcineurin–NFAT pathway. Furthermore, R30 prevented a decrease in HU‐associated muscle endurance in calf muscles. These results indicate that R30 supplementation may attenuate the shifts in the typology of whole muscle fibres from slow‐ to fast‐twitch fibres via the upregulation of PGC‐1α and the activation of the calcineurin–NFAT signalling pathway, thereby ameliorating the decrease in muscle endurance associated with disuse.

2021-07-03·Environmental Technology4区 · 环境科学与生态学

Can white clover facilitate apple orchard residue composting?

4区 · 环境科学与生态学

Article

作者: Cheng, Yuyang ; Kou, Jiancun ; Ma, Zhenzhu ; Li, Shangwei ; Yang, Wenquan ; Fan, Xiaolong

Aiming to assess the efficiency of white clove (WC) as an alternative nitrogen source for composting and to facilitate the utilization of orchard waste, WC as compared with chicken manure (CM) was aerobically composted with apple tree leaves (ATL) in initial C/N ratios of 25(R25), 30(R30) and 35(R35). The results show that WC facilitated the rapid and harmless treatment of ATL with the compost temperature above 55°C for more than 3 days. After composting, for all final products, organic matter content was 69.9%-72.9%, electrical conductivity (EC) 1.48-2.31 ms cm^-1, germination index (GI) more than 80% and C/N ratios less than 20. Among all treatments, the product from R30 was most nutrient-rich. Compared with CM, WC facilitated the harmless treatment of ATL and required less time for high quality compost production. It is concluded that WC is an excellent replacement for animal manure as a nitrogen source in field composting of orchard waste in areas with limited transportation. WC and ATL can produce high quality organic fertilizer and initial C/N ratio of 30 is recommended.

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
脉络膜新生血管	临床申请	中国	上海联合赛尔生物工程有限公司	2022-01-30
糖尿病性黄斑水肿	临床申请	中国	上海联合赛尔生物工程有限公司	2022-01-30
视网膜血管阻塞	临床申请	中国	上海联合赛尔生物工程有限公司	2022-01-30
湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性	药物发现	中国	上海联合赛尔生物工程有限公司	2021-11-18
黄斑水肿	药物发现	中国	上海联合赛尔生物工程有限公司	2017-07-03