AIMS/HYPOTHESISSevere hypoglycaemia associated with diabetes management is a potential risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect and mechanism of hypoglycaemia on the progression of atherosclerosis remains largely unknown. As a first step towards elucidating the above, we investigated the effect of hypoglycaemia on monocyte-endothelial interaction.METHODSInsulin was injected intraperitoneally once every 3 days for 5 weeks in Goto-Kakizaki rats, a non-obese rat model of type 2 diabetes. We counted the number of monocytes adherent to the endothelium of thoracic aorta as an index of early atherosclerogenesis. Cultured HUVEC were used to investigate the mechanism of action.RESULTSInsulin treatment increased the number of monocytes adherent to the vascular endothelium. This increase was abrogated by injection of glucose with insulin. Amosulalol, an α-1 and β-adrenoreceptor antagonist, suppressed monocyte adhesion to endothelium and levels of adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) in the endothelial surface, which had been enhanced by insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. In HUVEC, adrenaline (epinephrine) significantly increased nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and levels of adhesion molecules, effects that were abrogated following addition of SQ22536, a specific adenyl cyclase inhibitor.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONOur data indicate that repetitive hypoglycaemia induced by insulin enhanced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in Goto-Kakizaki rat aorta through enhanced adrenaline activity and that the latter stimulated intracellular cAMP, leading to nuclear translocation of NF-κB with subsequent production of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells.

2007-01-01·Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin4区 · 医学

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of an .ALPHA.,.BETA.-Blocker, Amosulalol Hydrochloride, in Mice: Biliary Excretion of Carbamoyl Glucuronide

4区 · 医学

Article

作者: Kamimura, Hidetaka ; Suzuki, Katsuhiro

The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of an alpha,beta-blocker, amosulalol hydrochloride, were investigated in mice. After intravenous administration (10 mg/kg), the plasma concentration of the unchanged drug declined biphasically, with a terminal half-life of 1.1 h. The maximum plasma concentrations were reached at 0.25 h after oral administration, and then declined with apparent half-lives of 0.8-1.3 h. The systemic bioavailability of a 10-mg/kg dose was 38.7%. The area under the plasma concentration curve increased more than proportionally to the dose, which suggests metabolic saturation. After oral and intravenous administrations of (14)C-labelled amosulalol hydrochloride, 64.7% and 81.0% of the radioactivity were recovered, respectively, in the urine within 48 h. HPLC-UV and LC/MS analyses demonstrated that the major urinary metabolite was the glucuronide of M-2 (desmethyl metabolite at the o-methoxyphenoxy group) followed by M-5, the M-3 glucuronide, and the M-4 glucuronide, in that order. In the bile sample, amosulalol carbamoyl glucuronide was found as a new metabolite of this drug.

2005-04-25·Journal of Chromatography B3区 · 医学

Determination of amosulalol in human plasma using solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection

3区 · 医学

Article

作者: Nah Young Lee ; Hye Sun Gwak ; In Koo Chun ; Eun Sun Noh

Amosulalol is an antihypertensive drug with selective postsynaptic alpha 1 and non-selective beta blocking effects. A simple solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of amosulalol in human plasma. A reversed phase C18 column was used for the separation of amosulalol and ethyl paraben (internal standard) with a mobile phase composed of 0.025 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.0).acetonitrile (73:27, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The ultraviolet detector was operated at the 272 nm wavelength. Intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable for all quality control samples including the lower limit of quantification of 30 ng/mL. Recovery of amosulalol from human plasma was >95.6%. Amosulalol was stable in human plasma under various storage conditions. This method was used successfully for a pharmacokinetic study in plasma after oral administration of a single 20 mg dose of amosulalol hydrochloride to 16 healthy volunteers.

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