Sulfamethizole

This study developed and validated an anal. method for simultaneous identification and quantification of 41 veterinary drugs in honey using liquid liquid extraction (LLE) and liquid chromatog. coupled to quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS).The method was validated in accordance with Commission Implementing Regulation (CIR) EU 2021/808 at five different concentrations ranging from 0.075 to 50 μg/kg.The mean recoveries ranged from 70 to 105, while repeatability values were all below 17%.The linearity, as correlation coefficients (R2) ranged from 0.994 to 1.The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were in the range of 0.006-3.92 μg/kg and 0.011-6.54 μg/kg, resp.The decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) ranges were 0.0759-5.33 μg/kg and 0.0804-6.08 μg/kg, resp.Of the 263 honey samples that were collected from local markets in Egypt, 47.5% had antibiotic residues.The mean concentration (μg/kg) and detection frequency (%) of the five most frequently detected antibiotics in the honey samples were as follows: trimethoprim (143.25 μg/kg and 39.9%), sulfamethoxazole (136.69 μg/kg and 30.7%), sulphadiazine (77.19 μg/kg and 18.6%), tylosin (184.37 μg/kg and 18.2%), and ciprofloxacin (185.33 μg/kg and 7.60%).The applicability of the developed method was proven through successful three proficiency testing (PT).The proposed method was demonstrated to be reliable for the simultaneous anal. of multi-class veterinary drugs in honey.

In pre-antibiotic times, various highly contagious diseases like cholera, smallpox and tuberculosis were widespread worldwide. Penicillin discovery in the late 1920s was a groundbreaking moment in medical history, saving countless lives. However, over the next few decades, microbes developed antibiotic resistance, leading to a global public health threat known as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major contributor to hospital-acquired infections, affecting millions of patients and causing numerous deaths annually. Several non-[Formula: see text]-lactam antibiotics combat these infections effectively, while their effect on P. aeruginosa quorum sensing (QS) has been insufficiently explored. We have undertaken comprehensive research to understand the effect of non-[Formula: see text]-lactam antibiotics on various targets of P. aeruginosa. Using molecular simulations, we scrutinize these antibiotics” dynamic behavior and stability. Based on toxicity, binding energy and binding site, platensimycin and sulfasalazine were identified as promising candidates against various targets of P. aeruginosa. The binding energies for sulfasalazine and platensimycin with LasA were found to be −8.1 and −8.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Both of these leading antibiotics were interacting at the active sites of all tested proteins (LasA, LasI and PqsR). The examination of molecular dynamics confirmed the stable complex formation of the lead non-[Formula: see text]-lactam antibiotics with all selected target proteins under normal physiological conditions. These findings emphasize the potential efficacy of platensimycin and sulfasalazine. They could potentially be repurposed for targeting the QS of P. aeruginosa.