Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. is a traditional medicinal plant with a wide range of ethnomedicinal values.The main components of L. bicolor essential oil (EO) were β-pinene (15.41%), β-phellandrene (12.43%), and caryophyllene (7.79%).The EO of L. bicolor showed antioxidant activity against ABTS radical and DPPH radical with an IC50 value of 0.69 ± 0.03 mg/mL and 10.44 ± 2.09 mg/mL, resp.The FRAP antioxidant value was 81.96 ± 6.17 μmol/g.The EO had activities against acetylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, and β-lactamase with IC50 values of 309.30 ± 11.16 μg/mL, 360.47 ± 35.67 μg/mL, and 27.54 ± 1.21 μg/mL, resp.Mol. docking showed Me dehydroabietate docked well with all tested enzymes.Sclareol and (+)-borneol acetate showed the strongest binding affinity to α-glucosidase and β-lactamase, resp.The present study provides a direction for searching enzyme inhibitors for three tested enzymes and shows L. bicolor EO possesses the potential to treat a series of diseases.