Magnesium Aluminometasilicate/Diastase/Sodium Bicarbonate/Precipitated Calcium/Carbonate/Powdered Clove/Powdered Fennel/Powdered Cinnamon Bark/Powdered Ginger/Powdered Coptis Rhizome/Powdered Zanthoxylum Fruit /Powdered Glycyrrhiza

Koumine (KM) and gelsemine (GS) have shown significant benefits in livestock production, but their potential in aquaculture remains largely unexplored. This study examined the impact of different KM and GS combinations as feed additives on C. carpio (90 fish per group, initial weight 1.95 ± 0.08 g). KM and GS were introduced in ratios of 2:2 (mg/kg), 2:1 (mg/kg), and 2:0.67 (mg/kg) over a 10-week aquaculture experiment. The results demonstrate that the 2:1 (mg/kg) group increases the villus length, muscular layer thickness, crude protein, and crude fat content. Regarding fatty acid content, KM and GS enhance the levels of various fatty acids, including the total saturated fatty acid and total monounsaturated fatty acid. Additionally, KM and GS improve the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota. The 2:1 (mg/kg) group significantly elevates the enzymatic activities of SOD, MDA, CAT and upregulates the expression of immune-related genes such as toll-like receptor 2, transforming growth factor β, and glutathione S-transferase. Transcriptomic analysis suggests that KM and GS may have potential benefits for nutrient utilization and immune regulation in C. carpio. In summary, this study provides valuable insights into the use of KM and GS as feed additives in aquaculture.

Evidence regarding the use of Korean medicine (KM) for the conservative treatment of meniscus tears remains lacking. We aimed to evaluate clinical effectiveness and long-term follow-up outcomes in patients undergoing integrative KM treatment for meniscus tears. We analyzed the electronic medical records (EMRs) of 86 patients with meniscus tears and administered a follow-up survey. Patients treated at 1 of 4 KM hospitals between June 1, 2015, and June 30, 2020, were reviewed. KM treatment comprised herbal medicine, acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, bee venom pharmacopuncture, Chuna therapy, and KM physiotherapy. The primary outcome was the numeric rating scale (NRS) score for knee pain; secondary outcomes were the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), EuroQol 5-dimension (EQ-5D) score, range of motion, and patient global impression of change. The NRS for knee pain was reduced by an average of 2.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.03–2.95) at discharge and 1.97 (95% CI: 2.03–2.95) at follow-up. The WOMAC decreased by an average of 15.52 (95% CI: 10.14–20.89) during hospital stay and 30.72 (95% CI: 24.58–36.87) at follow-up. The EQ-5D score increased by an average of 0.06 (95% CI: −0.14 to 0.02) at discharge and 0.19 (95% CI: −0.29 to −0.09) at follow up. KM treatment effectively reduced knee pain, improved knee joint function, and enhanced the quality of life in patients with a meniscus tear for a relatively long period after treatment.