The fertilizing effects of biodigestate produced from biogas plants on crop and soil productivity are very scarce. Hence, a field study was conducted in 2022 at the Teaching and Research Farm of Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. The study evaluated the effects of biodigestate fertilizer, applied alone or in combination with urea, single superphosphate, or muriate of potash fertilizers at low (N1, K1, and P1) and high (N2, P2, and K2) rates on soil chemical properties, growth, and yield of maize (Zea mays (L.)). The treatments were biodigestate alone (D), D + N fertilizer (urea) at 60 kg·ha−1 (DN1), D + N at 120 kg·ha−1 (DN2), D + P fertilizer (single superphosphate) at 30 kg·ha−1 (DP1), D + P at 60 kg·ha−1 (DP2), D + K fertilizer (muriate of potash) at 30 kg·ha−1 (DK1), D + K 60 kg·ha−1 (DK2), D + N1 + P1 + K1 (DN1P1K1), D + N2 + P2 + K2 (DN2P2K2) (10), and control. The 10 treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. Results showed that both low and high rates of fertilizer application improved soil chemical properties, growth parameters, and yield of maize compared with the control. High fertilizer rates (N2, P2, and K2) significantly enhanced soil chemical properties and growth parameters, but lower rates (N1, P1, and K1) resulted in higher maize yield. DN1 fertilizer significantly increased maize yield compared with DN2, DP1, DP2, DK1, and DK2. Overall, the treatment of DN1P1K1 demonstrated the highest grain yield, likely due to optimal nutrient supply from N, P, and K fertilizers, along with an improved soil environment facilitated by the biodigestate. The study recommends a balanced and sustainable fertilizer application strategy of 60 kg·N·ha−1, 30 kg·P2O5·ha−1, and 30 kg·K·ha−1 with 2500 L·ha−1 of biodigestate to enhance maize production while minimizing cost and environmental impact. However, for those aiming for maize fodder production, a higher fertilizer rate of 120 kg·N·ha−1, 60 kg·P2O5·ha−1, and 60 kg·K·ha−1 with 2500 L·ha−1 of biodigestate is advised.

2008-08-01·International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology3区 · 医学

Differential expression of cytokine genes and iNOS induced by nonviable nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae or its LOS mutants during acute otitis media in the rat

3区 · 医学

Article

作者: Hua Hua Tong ; Yiping Chen ; Xia Liu ; Thomas F. DeMaria

OBJECTIVE:

We have previously demonstrated that the disruptions of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) lipooligosaccharide (LOS) htrB and rfaD genes may play a role in the pathogenesis of otitis media (OM). The purpose of this study was to determine whether NTHi LOS gene disruptions influence the induction of gene expression for proinflammatory mediators in vivo using the rat model of acute OM.

METHODS:

At 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after transbullar inoculation with nonviable NTHi, expression of genes for the cytokines and chemolines; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-lbeta (IL-1beta), and IL-6, IL-1alpha, IL-8, IL-10, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were quantitated by real-time PCR. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to confirm the gene expression data as determined by real-time PCR. The middle ear inflammatory responses were also evaluated.

RESULTS:

The NTHi 2019 parent and its isogenic LOS htrB (B29) and rfaD (DK-1) mutant strains induced a significant up-regulation in gene expression for the cytokines examined compared to the sham-inoculated controls at 3, 6 and 12 h post-inoculation (P<0.05 in all cases). However, the NTHi 2019 cohort demonstrated a significant increase in gene expression for TNF-alpha (up to 6 h), IL-1alpha and IL-8 (up to 24 h), IL-1beta and IL-6 (up to 48 h), and IL-10 and iNOS (up to 72 h) relative to the animals inoculated with NTHi B29 (P<0.05, in all cases), Moreover, the concentrations of inflammatory cells in the middle ear lavage fluid samples from the NTHi 2019 cohort were 2.8-5.3-fold higher than those of the B29 cohort. There were no significant differences in mRNA expression of the cytokines between the NTHi 2019 and the DK-1-treated groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Data from this study indicate that the disruption of the NTHi htrB gene may impact the temporal mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators and inflammation within the middle ear.

2008-01-01·Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)2区 · 化学

Syntheses, molecular structures and pH-dependent monomer–dimer equilibria of Dawson α2-monotitanium(iv)-substituted polyoxometalates

2区 · 化学

Article

作者: Shoko Yoshida ; Hideyuki Murakami ; Yoshitaka Sakai ; Kenji Nomiya

The preparation and structural characterization of a novel, solid Brønsted acid based on Dawson alpha2-monotitanium(IV)-substituted polyoxometalates (POMs) are described. The free-acid form of the POM, i.e., 13H+-heteropolyacid with the formula H13[1b].55H2O DH-1 (1b = [(alpha2-P2W17TiO61)(alpha2-P2W17TiO61H)(mu-O)]13-), was prepared by passing an aqueous solution containing a potassium salt precursor, K14[1a].17H2O DK-1 (1a=[(alpha2-P2W17TiO61)2(mu-O)]14-), through a cation-exchange resin column. Compound DK-1 was obtained by a stoichiometric reaction of mono-lacunary Dawson POM [alpha2-P2W17O61]10- with Ti(SO4)2 in an aqueous solution. [Note: the abbreviations D, M, K and H stand for dimer, monomer, potassium salt and free-acid form, respectively.] Compounds DK-1 and DH-1 were characterized by using complete elemental analysis, thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), FTIR, solution (31P and 183W) NMR spectroscopy, pH-varied 31P NMR spectroscopy, solid-state 31P CPMAS NMR, X-ray crystallography and acidity measurements in an organic solvent with a Hammett indicator for DH-1. The monomeric form, K8[alpha2-P2W17TiO62]. 18H2O MK-1, was derived from DK-1. The molecular structure of 1b was composed of a dimer connected through one Ti-O-Ti bond between two alpha2-mono-Ti(IV)-substituted Dawson POM subunits. BVS (bond valence sum) calculation showed that one oxygen atom (O(60A)) in one of the two Dawson subunits was protonated, therefore the two subunits were unequivalent. On the other hand, the molecular structure of la was a Ti-O-Ti bonding dimer of two equivalent Dawson subunits. The pH-varied 31P NMR spectra of DK-1 and DH-1 in aqueous solutions showed that the monomer at pH 7.0, the dimer at pH 1.0-3.0, and the mono-protonated species of the dimer at pH 0.5 were the predominant species in the solutions. The Hammett acidity constant (H0) of DH-1 in CH3CN (-2.87) was estimated to be almost the same as that of homo-Dawson heteropolyacid H6[P2W18O62].17H2O(-2.77).

100 项与异体人源脂肪间充质干细胞 (江苏得康生物) 相关的药物交易

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