Parabens, bisphenols (BPs), and triclosan (TCS) are common environmental phenols widely applied in industrial products, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. They are endocrine disruptors and pervade the natural environment, causing significant detrimental impacts on ecosystems, including marine habitats. Therefore, in this study, 40 samples comprising coral polyps, algae, and sediments were collected from Sanya, Hainan Province, China, in which the presence and compositional profiles of parabens, BPs, and TCS were examined to identify their fate in the oceans. The results unveiled the ubiquitous occurrence of at least one paraben or bisphenol in all samples, with TCS detected in over 80% of cases. Notably, coral samples contained the most contaminants (median concentration: 9.42 ng/g dry weight-dw), followed by sediment samples (5.95 ng/g dw) and algal samples (3.58 ng/g dw). Attributed to their broadest application, methylparaben (MeP) and propylparaben (PrP) emerged as the primary paraben constituents. MeP displayed the highest median concentration in coral samples (4.42 ng/g dw), probably related to its high-water solubility and the filtration mechanism employed by the coral polyps during seawater intake. Intriguingly, bisphenol P (BPP) superseded bisphenol A (BPA) as the dominant bisphenol, especially in the algal samples, probably owing to the lipophilic character of BPP and the enhanced biodegradability of BPA within aquatic environments. The highest concentration of TCS (3.44 ng/g dw) was found in the sediment samples, associated with its long half-life in the sediments. Furthermore, the correlation between multiple parabens and TCS implies their co-use to augment antimicrobial efficacy. Future research should prioritize the examination of these phenols in diverse marine environmental media. Corresponding toxicological experiments should be conducted to visualize their transport dynamics, degradation byproducts, and toxicity to marine biota to gain insights into the risks they pose to the marine ecosystem.

2024-11-01·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

The sandwich feeding assay for use with first instar nymphs of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri confirms the high susceptibility of this life stage to bacterial pesticidal proteins

Article

作者: Tavares, Clebson S ; Bonning, Bryony C ; Stelinski, Lukasz L

Citrus greening or huanglongbing is the most important disease of citrus and threatens citrus production worldwide. As nymphs of Diaphorina citri play a crucial role in the acquisition and transmission of the citrus greening bacterium, suppression of this life stage is particularly important. However, the lack of a tractable feeding assay for use with first instar D. citri nymphs has impeded assessment of the toxicity of bioactives. Of several bacterial pesticidal proteins (BPP) that are toxic to D. citri adults, Mpp51Aa1 and Cry1Ba1, which have LC₅₀ values of 110 and 120 µg/mL respectively in adults, were fed to 1st instar nymphs in a newly developed assay. For this new sandwich feeding assay, parafilm layers containing feeding solution were placed on top of two 35 mm Petri dishes, with a concave surface created on each. Fifty nymphs were transferred to the membrane on one Petri dish, and the second Petri dish placed on the top to create a "sandwich" with the 1st instar nymphs in the middle. Nymphs were fed for four days and the LC₅₀ values for Mpp51Aa1 and Cry1Ba1 were calculated at 6.7 and 41.6 µg/mL respectively. Bioassays with bioengineered plants expressing Cry1Ba1 confirmed that the majority of D. citri mortality occurs during the 1st instar nymph stage, while egg laying adults are much less susceptible. Taken together, these results confirm that 1st instar D. citri nymphs are more susceptible to BPP than adults and demonstrate the utility of the sandwich feeding assay for effective screening of BPPs prior to investment into production of transgenic plants.

2024-11-01·Science of The Total Environment

Bisphenol P induces increased oxidative stress in renal tissues of C57BL/6 mice and human renal cortical proximal tubular epithelial cells, resulting in kidney injury

Article

作者: Kiyama, Ryoiti ; Liu, Yue ; Ma, Lei ; Peng, Xinyi ; Dong, Sijun ; Zhao, Lining ; Liu, Xia ; Ma, Nana ; Ma, Dan

Bisphenol P (BPP) has been detected in human biological samples; however studies on its nephrotoxicity are scarce. Given the susceptibility of kidneys to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, there is an urgent need to investigate the renal toxicity of BPP. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of BPPs on the kidneys of C57BL/6 mice and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of renal damage using a combination of mouse renal transcriptomic data and human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Mice were exposed to BPP (0, 0.3, 30, 3000 μg/kg bw/d) via gavage for 5 weeks. Renal injury was assessed based on changes in body and kidney weights, serum renal function indices, and histopathological examination. Transcriptomic analysis identified differentially expressed genes and pathways, whereas cellular assays were used to measure cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and the expression of key genes and proteins. The results show that BPP exposure induces renal injury, as evidenced by increased body weight, abnormal renal function indices, and renal tissue damage. Transcriptomic analysis revealed alterations in genes and pathways related to oxidative stress, p53 signaling, autophagy, and apoptosis. Cellular experiments confirmed that BPP induces oxidative stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, BPP exposure significantly inhibits autophagy, potentially exacerbating apoptosis and contributing to kidney injury. Treatment with a ROS inhibitor (N-Acetylcysteine, NAC) mitigated BPP-induced autophagy inhibition and apoptosis, implicating oxidative stress as a key factor. BPP exposure may lead to renal injury through excessive ROS accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, autophagy inhibition, and increased apoptosis. The effects of NAC highlight the role of oxidative stress in BPP-induced nephrotoxicity. These findings enhance our understanding of BPP-induced nephrotoxicity and underscore the need to control BPP exposure to prevent renal disease. This study emphasized the importance of evaluating the safety of new Bisphenol A analogs, including BPP, in environmental toxicology.

项与 BPP-PTX 相关的新闻（医药）

2023-05-02

·Pharmaceutical Technology

Soligenix and Silk Road sign deal for Behçet’s disease treatment rights

Soligenix has the right to purchase the topical formulation. Credit: AdoreBeautyNZ from Pixabay. Soligenix has signed an exclusive option agreement with Silk Road Therapeutics for the right to acquire Pentoxifylline (PTX) topical formulation intended to treat mucocutaneous ulcers in Behçet’s disease (BD) patients. The firms did not divulge the terms of the deal. Recommended Reports Reports LOA and PTSR Model - Satralizumab in Demyelinating Diseases GlobalData Reports LOA and PTSR Model - (Cilnidipine + Tadalafil) in Raynauds Disease GlobalData View all BD is a rare multisystem inflammatory vasculitis, which currently has no treatment. The disease is characterised by severe recurrent ulcers in the oral mucosa, skin, genitalia and eyes. It is estimated to impact around 18,000 people in the US and 80,000 in Europe, while 1,000,000 people are living with the disease across the globe. Soligenix reported that PTX was found to be more effective than colchicine in a Phase II proof-of-concept (POC) trial. BD patients were randomised to receive either standard-of-care colchicine therapy or colchicine in combination with topical PTX. Patients applied the PTX mucoadhesive gel four times a day for up to 14 days for treating current mouth ulcers. They also used their standard colchicine regimen. It was found that 83% of patients treated with PTX had index ulcer area shrinkage by day two, as against 19% of patients treated with only colchicine. Meanwhile, pain scores were also reported to be reduced in patients receiving PTX. No serious adverse events were observed among the patients. Soligenix president and CEO Christopher Schaber said: “The novel muco-adherent topical formulation of PTX has the potential to fill a significant void in the current treatment armamentarium for BD, where a clear unmet medical need exists. “General agreement amongst treating physicians is that current front-line treatment/management options, such as oral and topical steroids, are largely ineffective and have a number of potentially significant safety issues when used long-term. “When transitioning to the more effective therapies, like biologics such as adalimumab and apremilast, the only approved treatment in BD, these longer-term safety concerns persist and are associated with a much higher financial burden to patients and/or payers in treating this lifelong condition.”