Article
作者: Bosinger, Steven E ; Maiorino, Laura ; Zhou, Amelia ; Lu, Danny ; Crotty, Shane ; Phelps, Nicole ; Pinney, William ; Ni, Kaiyuan ; Melo, Mariane B ; Upadhyay, Amit A ; Pradhan, Arpan ; Shil, Monolina ; Xiao, Shuhao ; Smith, Melissa L ; Phung, Ivy ; Silvestri, Guido ; Irvine, Darrell J ; Rodrigues, Kristen A ; Kalyuzhiny, Oleksandr ; Shields, Kaitlyn ; Gregory, Justin ; Marina-Zárate, Ester ; Eskandarzadeh, Saman ; Watson, Corey T ; Pai Kasturi, Sudhir ; Madden, Patrick J ; Flynn, Claudia ; Lemnios, Ashley ; Lopez, Paul G ; Steichen, Jon M ; Kubitz, Michael ; Rodriguez, Oscar L ; Saha, Swati ; Metz, Amanda ; Alavi, Nushin ; Lim, Deuk ; Liguori, Alessia ; Michaels, Katarzyna Kaczmarek ; Carnathan, Diane G ; Healy, Brandon S ; Schultze, Steven ; Lewis, Vanessa R ; Schief, William R ; Ben-Akiva, Elana ; Georgeson, Erik
Rare naive B cells have special pathogen-recognition features that enable outsized contributions to protective immunity but infrequently participate in immune responses. We investigatee how germline-targeting vaccine delivery and adjuvant selection affect priming of exceptionally rare BG18-like HIV broadly neutralizing antibody-precursor B cells (<1-in-50 million) in non-human primates. Only escalating dose (ED) priming immunization using the saponin adjuvant SMNP elicited detectable BG18-like cells in germinal centers (GCs) compared with other conditions. All groups had strong GC responses, but only ED+SMNP and bolus+SMNP induced BG18-like memory B cells in >50% of animals. One group had vaccine-specific GC responses equivalent to ED+SMNP but scarce BG18-like B cells. Following homologous boosting, BG18-like memory B cells were present in a bolus priming group but with lower somatic hypermutation and affinities than ED+SMNP. This outcome inversely associated with post-prime antibody titers, suggesting antibody feedback significantly influences rare precursor B cell responses. Thus, antigen and inflammatory stimuli extensively impact priming and affinity maturation of rare B cells.