Article
作者: Ganichkin, Oleg  ; Davis, Jada A  ; Hoffmann, Hans-Heinrich  ; Larson, Chloe  ; Rasheed, Risha  ; Molina, Henrik  ; Rice, Charles M  ; Gonzalez, Irene  ; Nitsche, Julius  ; Kargman, Stacia  ; Zimmerman, Matthew  ; Goldgirsh, Kira  ; Ashbrook, Alison W  ; Dolgov, Enriko  ; Cangialosi, Julianna  ; Nelson, Andrew M  ; Miller, Michael W  ; Alvarez, Nadine  ; Tuschl, Thomas  ; Myers, Robert W  ; Ramos-Espiritu, Lavoisier  ; Menezes, Miriam-Rose  ; Penalva-Lopez, Suyapa  ; Meyer, Cindy  ; Huggins, David J  ; Jannath, Syeda Y  ; Steinbacher, Stefan  ; Chang, Ching-Wen  ; Perlin, David S  ; Sharma, Vijeta  ; Liverton, Nigel  ; Oswal, Neelam  ; Meinke, Peter T  ; Garzia, Aitor  ; Glickman, J Fraser  ; Alwaseem, Hanan 
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)1. The rapid development of highly effective vaccines2,3 against SARS-CoV-2 has altered the trajectory of the pandemic, and antiviral therapeutics4 have further reduced the number of COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths. Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that encode various structural and non-structural proteins, including those critical for viral RNA replication and evasion from innate immunity5. Here we report the discovery and development of a first-in-class non-covalent small-molecule inhibitor of the viral guanine-N7 methyltransferase (MTase) NSP14. High-throughput screening identified RU-0415529, which inhibited SARS-CoV-2 NSP14 by forming a unique ternary S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH)-bound complex. Hit-to-lead optimization of RU-0415529 resulted in TDI-015051 with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 61 pM and a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 11 nM, inhibiting virus infection in a cell-based system. TDI-015051 also inhibited viral replication in primary small airway epithelial cells and in a transgenic mouse model of SARS CoV-2 infection with an efficacy comparable with the FDA-approved reversible covalent protease inhibitor nirmatrelvir6. The inhibition of viral cap methylases as an antiviral strategy is also adaptable to other pandemic viruses.