Article
作者: Börjesson-Hanson, Anne ; Jonsson, Michael ; Hliva, Valérie ; Kosco-Vilbois, Marie ; Pfeifer, Andrea ; Gerasymchuk, Viktoriia ; Sol, Olivier ; Hallikainen, Merja ; Fournier, Nicolas ; Rinne, Juha ; Dautzenberg, Paul ; Streffer, Johannes ; Steukers, Lennert ; Kurl, Sudhir ; Vijverberg, Everard G B ; Scheltens, Philip ; Theunis, Clara ; Gollwitzer, Eva ; Mummery, Catherine ; Fiorini, Emma ; Gray, Julian ; Ritchie, Craig ; Wagg, Jonathan ; Kezic, Iva ; Mermoud, Julien ; Vukicevic, Marija ; Triana-Baltzer, Gallen ; Hickman, David T ; Pennington, Catherine ; Lê, Bénédicte
BACKGROUND:Active immunotherapies targeting C-terminal phosphorylated Tau species have the potential to efficiently reduce Tau spreading. ACI-35.030, a SupraAntigen®-based liposome, and JACI-35.054, a CRM197 carrier-protein conjugate, share the same immunogenic pTau sequence and were assessed to determine the best formulation for preferential activation of B cells specific to pathological Tau forms.
METHODS:Individuals with early AD were enrolled in this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (NCT04445831). Participants were randomly assigned to 2 cohorts (ACI-35.030 at 300, 900, 1800 μg or placebo; and JACI-35.054 at 15, 60 μg or placebo) and received 4 intramuscular injections over 48 weeks, followed up to week 74. Participants receiving at least one dose of study drug were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The primary objectives were safety, tolerability and immunogenicity.
FINDINGS:Among the 57 randomised participants, 41 were assigned to the ACI-35.030 cohort and 16 to the JACI-35.054 cohort. The most frequent adverse events observed consistently in both active groups were injection site reactions (16.7%-100%) and headaches (16.7%-50%). No relevant MRI findings and no adverse events leading to study discontinuation were reported. ACI-35.030 required only one injection to induce anti-pTau IgG titres in all participants and consistently boosted levels with subsequent immunisations. JACI-35.054 raised a strong but more heterogenous anti-pTau IgG response and required multiple administrations to reach consistent titres in all participants. ACI-35.030 induced a robust polyclonal antibody response binding enriched PHF from AD brain tissue while concurrently sparing the response to non-phosphorylated Tau. A post-hoc statistical analysis revealed statistically significant differences between some randomised actively treated groups and the pooled placebo group on plasma pTau217 and brain-derived Tau changes from baseline.
INTERPRETATION:ACI-35.030 and JACI-35.054 were well tolerated. ACI-35.030 induced a more rapid and sustained antibody response selective to p-Tau species with evidence of altering AD-related plasma biomarkers and was selected for testing in the ongoing Phase 2b trial.
FUNDING:AC Immune SA and Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine.