KT-621

近年来，靶向蛋白质降解剂（TPD）逐渐走进人们的视野，以PROTAC、分子胶为代表的靶向蛋白降解技术已发展为小分子药物的重要模式。 从2019年首个PROTAC分子（ARV-110）进入临床开始，层出不穷的蛋白降解剂相继进入临床研究阶段。受益于独特的作用机制，蛋白降解剂不仅能靶向以往难成药的靶点，还为耐药患者提供了可选治疗方案。 图1. 蛋白降解剂发展时间线[1] 根据医药魔方NextPharma®数据库，蛋白降解剂早期研发主要围绕AR、ER、BTK等靶点。如今，蛋白降解领域迎来了新的发展阶段，研究人员正将目光投向更多新颖的靶标领域。 越来越多的蛋白降解剂管线显示，传统上难以成药的靶标（如IKZF1/3、GSPT1、VAV1、WIZ、BCL6等）正变得越来越容易实现（表1）。这一转变标志着靶向蛋白质降解技术的应用范围正在不断扩大，为药物研发带来了新的机遇和挑战。 表1. 靶向蛋白降解领域的靶点[2] 分子胶的新发现 科学家通过对来那度胺（FDA批准的多发性骨髓瘤药物）及其相关免疫调节药物（IMiDs）的作用机制进行深入研究，发现了这些药物能够结合并重塑E3泛素连接酶CRBN，进而促进转录因子IKZF1和IKZF3（IKAROS家族锌指转录因子1/3）的泛素化。研究人员进一步认识到，其他分子胶可能也具备重塑CRBN的潜力，从而能够靶向更多蛋白质。 尽管如此，早期进入临床的项目仍然集中在来那度胺所降解的靶点上。例如，Celgene（2019年被BMS收购）基于来那度胺类似物发现了CC-92480（又名mezigdomide），并对其进行优化，以降解IKZF1和IKZF3。目前，该药物正处于多发性骨髓瘤的III期临床开发阶段。此外，激酶CK1α作为来那度胺的另一个降解靶点，也成为了早期开发的重点。 GSPT1（G1 to S phase transition 1）是一种翻译终止因子，通过与eRF1结合识别终止密码子，迫使蛋白质在翻译后与核糖体分离。GSPT1的下调可导致多种肿瘤细胞中关键蛋白的异常表达，抑制肿瘤细胞增殖或诱导其凋亡。BMS在2016年首次将GSPT1降解剂CC-90009推进到临床阶段，但后来由于未公开的原因终止了该项目。 GSPT1的降解可能会关闭整体蛋白质翻译，并可能引发许多不良事件。为了提高GSPT1降解的有效性和耐受性，BMS转向了抗体-分子胶偶联物策略。BMS-986497分子将GSPT1降解分子胶和CD33靶向抗体结合，这样能更有效地将降解剂递送到癌细胞。 今年7月，诺华在Science杂志发表论文，他们发现了一种基于CRBN的、能够靶向转录因子WIZ的分子胶降解剂。该分子胶可以提高小鼠和灵长类动物体内的胎儿血红蛋白（fetal hemoglobin，HbF）水平。这一发现表明，分子胶有望为开发治疗镰状细胞病（SCD）的新药铺平道路。 新靶点，新征程 Monte Rosa是开发靶向GSPT1分子胶的先驱之一，他们研发的MRT-2359临床表现出色，在MYC驱动的实体瘤患者中具有良好的治疗指数和可耐受的安全性。随着其降解平台的建立，Monte Rosa发现了更多的靶点，VAV1就是其中之一。Monte Rosa首席执行官Markus Warmuth表示：“我确信，在过去10-20年里，大型制药公司的每个免疫学团队都曾关注过VAV1这一靶点。” VAV1是一种鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子（GEF），与B细胞和T细胞的信号传导密切相关。Monte Rosa研发的VAV1降解剂MRT-6160在自身免疫性疾病动物模型中显示出临床前疗效，效果与标准治疗（JAK抑制剂和S1P调节剂）相当。目前，这种降解剂已进入临床I期试验，并将在自身免疫性疾病中进一步的试验。 此外，转录因子IKZF1和IKZF3是经典的CRBN的新底物。研究人员指出，数百种转录因子含有G-loop的C2H2锌指结构（包括IKZF2和WIZ），这为分子胶降解剂提供了更多潜在靶点。然而，像GSPT1和CK1α这样的非转录因子蛋白中的CRBN新底物，也携带G-loop降解结构域，使它们也处于IMiDs的作用范围内。 目前，大多数分子胶是偶然发现的。人体内有600多种E3连接酶，但目前的分子胶大多是基于CRBN，所以开发可招募除CRBN外的其他E3连接酶的分子胶，成为理性设计的重要策略。 SEED Therapeutics正在研发一种利用DCAF15连接酶降解剪接因子RBM39（一种调节mRNA前体剪接的蛋白质）的分子胶降解剂，该公司的ST-00937分子能够通过重塑DCAF15来泛素化RBM39，目前处于临床前阶段，预计明年进入临床阶段。除ST-00937外，SEED Therapeutics还有近10款在研药物，它们都不依赖于常用的CRBN和VHL（另一种常用的E3泛素连接酶）。 PROTAC的探索之路 异双功能降解剂（heterobifunctional）是一种“哑铃状”分子，具有独特的结构：一端结合目标蛋白（POI），另一端则与E3泛素连接酶相互作用。首批进入临床的蛋白降解剂主要集中在已有上市药物的靶点。 然而，Kymera Therapeutics采取了不同的策略，专注于开发哪些尚未有上市药物的靶点。Kymera Therapeutics的首个进入临床的PROTAC项目靶向IRAK4，这是一个在调节IL-1受体和Toll样受体（TLR）信号通路方面具有重要的作用的蛋白。由于IRAK4的活性既包括酶活性，也包括作为骨架蛋白的功能，因此蛋白降解剂可能比酶活性抑制剂具有更好的效果。Kymera Therapeutics的潜在first-in-class蛋白降解剂KT-474目前处于IIb期试验中，它是首个进入非肿瘤学适应症领域中，进入临床开发阶段的PROTAC分子。 Kymera Therapeutics的下一个临床候选药物KT-621是一种靶向STAT6的PROTAC分子，能够用于特应性皮炎（AD）、哮喘以及慢性阻塞性肺病等疾病。今年10月，Kymera宣布其KT-621的IND已获FDA批准，预计将在不久后在健康志愿者中开展I期试验。 BCL6是一种转录抑制因子，它通过BCL6的BTB结构域招募辅助抑制因子，调节B淋巴细胞的分化，并在生发中心（GCs）的形成中发挥作用。由于BCL6在转录抑制因子复合体中的不受调控的表达和支架作用，使其成为一个理想的PROTAC靶点。 Arvinas公司研发的ARV-393是一种靶向BCL6蛋白的PROTAC药物，目前正在进行临床I期研究。初步研究显示，ARV-393在体内外均能显著降解BCL6，并在多种肿瘤异种移植模型中表现出良好的肿瘤生长抑制（TGI）效果。BMS-986458是由BMS研发的一种BCL6降解剂，目前也处于临床I期，用于治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤。 结语 从最初偶然发现的沙利度胺，到如今几百条蛋白降解剂管线；从开发已有上市药物的成熟靶点，到探索新一代靶点；从肿瘤领域，到神经退行性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、炎症性疾病等领域……蛋白降解的应用正被不断拓宽，随着更多新靶点的探索和新药物的开发，蛋白降解技术有望在未来实现更多的突破和创新。 参考资料： [1]Brandon Dale et al. Advancing targeted protein degradation for cancer therapy. Nature Reviews Cancer（2021） https://www.nature.com/articles/s41568-021-00365-x [2]Asher Mullard. Protein degraders push into novel target space. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery（2024） https://www.nature.com/articles/d41573-024-00170-9 Copyright © 2024 PHARMCUBE. All Rights Reserved. 欢迎转发分享及合理引用，引用时请在显要位置标明文章来源；如需转载，请给微信公众号后台留言或发送消息，并注明公众号名称及ID。 免责申明：本微信文章中的信息仅供一般参考之用，不可直接作为决策内容，医药魔方不对任何主体因使用本文内容而导致的任何损失承担责任。

The severe asthma market is fueled by the rising prevalence of the condition, particularly in urban areas, alongside the emergence of innovative therapies like biologics targeting IgE and cytokine modulators. A growing demand for personalized medicine enhances treatment efficacy and patient compliance. Government initiatives and increased awareness improve access to care, while advancements in inhaler technology boost medication adherence. Collaborative efforts in R&D are also vital for driving innovation in asthma treatments. LAS VEGAS, Nov. 6, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- DelveInsight's ' Severe Asthma Pipeline Insight 2024 ' report provides comprehensive global coverage of pipeline severe asthma therapies in various stages of clinical development, major pharmaceutical companies are working to advance the pipeline space and future growth potential of the severe asthma pipeline domain. Key Takeaways from the Severe Asthma Pipeline Report DelveInsight's severe asthma pipeline report depicts a robust space with 40+ active players working to develop 50+ pipeline therapies for severe asthma treatment. Key severe asthma companies such as Kinaset Therapeutics, Bio-Thera Solutions, CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology, AB Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Oneness Biotech, Biosion, Lanier Biotherapeutics, Kymera Therapeutics, Suzhou Connect Biopharmaceuticals, Upstream Bio, Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Industries, Sanofi, Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine, AstraZeneca, Advagene Biopharma, Genrix (Shanghai) Biopharmaceuticals, and others are evaluating new severe asthma drugs to improve the treatment landscape. Promising severe asthma pipeline therapies such as KN-002, BAT2606, CM326, Masitinib, GSK3511294, FB 704A, BSI-045B, LNR 125.38, KT 621, CBP-201, Verekitug, TEV'248, Rilzabrutinib, SHR-1905, Atuliflapon, AD17002, GR1802, and others are under different phases of severe asthma clinical trials. In September 2024, Kinaset Therapeutics announced two oral presentations and a late-breaking poster presentation at the 2024 European Respiratory Society (ERS) Congress. The presentations demonstrate the potential of Kinaset's lead clinical candidate, frevecitinib ( KN-002), to treat all patients with moderate to severe asthma and patients with COPD. In May 2024, GSK announced positive headline results from the phase III clinical trials SWIFT-1 and SWIFT-2, which assessed the efficacy and safety of depemokimab versus placebo in adults and adolescents with severe asthma with type 2 inflammation characterized by blood eosinophil count. In April 2024, Twenty-five abstracts across approved and investigational medicines will be presented at this year's American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference. Notable data presentations for Sanofi's immunology pipeline include the first presentation of phase IIb moderate to severe asthma data for rilzabrutinib. In October 2023, Upstream Bio announced positive interim results in its Phase Ib clinical study of UPB-101, a thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) inhibitor. The Phase Ib study is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multiple ascending dose (MAD) study with subcutaneous (SC) administration conducted in asthma patients. In October 2023, Aiolos Bio with an asthma drug in clinical trials, announced that it raised $245 million in Series A funding. Atlas Venture, Bain Capital Life Sciences, Forbion Capital Partners and Sofinnova Investments led the round, with additional investment from RA Capital Management Request a sample and discover the recent advances in severe asthma treatment drugs @ Severe Asthma Pipeline Report The severe asthma pipeline report provides detailed profiles of pipeline assets, a comparative analysis of clinical and non-clinical stage severe asthma drugs, inactive and dormant assets, a comprehensive assessment of driving and restraining factors, and an assessment of opportunities and risks in the severe asthma clinical trial landscape. Severe Asthma Overview Severe asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by persistent symptoms that are difficult to control, even with high-dose medications. Unlike milder forms of asthma, severe asthma can significantly impair the quality of life and may result in frequent exacerbations requiring hospitalization. The exact cause of severe asthma is not entirely clear, but it often arises from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. These may include respiratory infections, allergens (pollen, mold, dust mites), pollutants (tobacco smoke, air pollution), occupational irritants, and lifestyle factors such as obesity and stress. Severe asthma can also develop in people whose milder asthma is not well-controlled over time. Diagnosis of severe asthma begins with a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and pulmonary function tests like spirometry to assess lung function. Doctors may also order additional tests, such as chest X-rays, blood tests, and allergy tests to identify triggers. A key factor in diagnosing severe asthma is the persistence of symptoms despite the optimal use of standard asthma treatments. Managing severe asthma typically requires a multifaceted approach. Inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators are the mainstays of treatment. For those who do not respond to these medications, biologic therapies (such as omalizumab, mepolizumab, or dupilumab) may be prescribed to target specific pathways involved in the inflammatory response. In addition, patients with severe asthma may benefit from lifestyle modifications, including weight management, avoiding triggers, and pulmonary rehabilitation. In extreme cases, systemic corticosteroids may be necessary, although long-term use can have serious side effects. Find out more about severe asthma treatment drugs @ Drugs for Severe Asthma Treatment A snapshot of the severe asthma Pipeline Drugs mentioned in the report: Learn more about the emerging severe asthma pipeline therapies @ Severe Asthma Clinical Trials Severe Asthma Therapeutics Assessment The severe asthma pipeline report proffers an integral view of the severe asthma emerging novel therapies segmented by stage, product type, molecule type, mechanism of action, and route of administration. Scope of the Severe Asthma Pipeline Report Coverage: Global Therapeutic Assessment By Product Type: Mono, Combination, Mono/Combination Therapeutic Assessment By Clinical Stages: Discovery, Pre-clinical, Phase I, Phase II, Phase III Therapeutics Assessment By Route of Administration: Oral, Intravenous, Subcutaneous, Parenteral, Topical Therapeutics Assessment By Molecule Type: Recombinant fusion proteins, Small molecule, Monoclonal antibody, Peptide, Polymer, Gene therapy Therapeutics Assessment By Mechanism of Action: Interleukin 5 receptor antagonists, Thymic stromal lymphopoietin inhibitors, Thymic stromal lymphopoietin inhibitors, Thymic stromal lymphopoietin modulators, Interleukin 6 inhibitors, STAT6 transcription factor degraders, Interleukin 4 receptor alpha subunit antagonists Key Severe Asthma Companies: Kinaset Therapeutics, Bio-Thera Solutions, CSPC ZhongQi Pharmaceutical Technology, AB Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Oneness Biotech, Biosion, Lanier Biotherapeutics, Kymera Therapeutics, Suzhou Connect Biopharmaceuticals, Upstream Bio, Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Industries, Sanofi, Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine, AstraZeneca, Advagene Biopharma, Genrix (Shanghai) Biopharmaceuticals, and others. Key Severe Asthma Pipeline Therapies: KN-002, BAT2606, CM326, Masitinib, GSK3511294, FB 704A, BSI-045B, LNR 125.38, KT 621, CBP-201, Verekitug, TEV'248, Rilzabrutinib, SHR-1905, Atuliflapon, AD17002, GR1802, and others. Dive deep into rich insights for new drugs for severe asthma treatment, visit @ Severe Asthma Drugs Table of Contents For further information on the severe asthma pipeline therapeutics, reach out @ Severe Asthma Treatment Drugs Related Reports Severe Asthma Market Severe Asthma Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report deliver an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, market share of the individual therapies, and key severe asthma companies including AstraZeneca plc, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Sanofi S.A., Novartis AG, Roche Holding AG, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Merck & Co., Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer Inc., Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly and Company, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Amgen Inc., AbbVie Inc., Genentech, Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Biogen Inc., CSL Limited, among others. Asthma Market Asthma Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the market trends, market drivers, market barriers, and key asthma companies including GlaxoSmithKline, 4D Pharma plc, AstraZeneca, Suzhou Connect Biopharmaceuticals, Avillion, Pearl Therapeutics, ARS Pharmaceuticals, Sinomab, Avalo Therapeutics, Kymab, Sanofi, Cumberland Pharmaceuticals, Genentech, Inc. , among others. Asthma Pipeline Asthma Pipeline Insight – 2024 report provides comprehensive insights about the pipeline landscape, including clinical and non-clinical stage products, and the key asthma companies, including Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline, Immunotek SL, AB Science, EMS, Avalo Therapeutics, Sunshine Guojian Pharmaceutical (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., ARS Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Zura Bio Ltd., AstraZeneca, EURRUS Biotech GmbH, T-Balance Therapeutics GmbH, Gossamer Bio, Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc., Trio Medicines, Janssen Research & Development, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Hoffman-La-Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Biohaven Pharmaceutical, TAK-Circulator Co., Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical, among others. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Market Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the market trends, market drivers, market barriers, and key ARDS companies, including MediciNova, Edesa Biotech, Light Chain Biosciences, Boehringer Ingelheim, Genentech, Windtree Therapeutics, Biomarck Pharmaceuticals, Athersys, Healios, Direct Biologics, Biohaven Pharmaceutical, Arch Biopartners, APEPTICO Forschung und Entwicklung GmbH, Staidson (Beijing) Biopharmaceuticals, Veru, Mesoblast Limited, Avalo Therapeutics, Pluristem Therapeutics, ILTOO Pharma, among others. About DelveInsight DelveInsight is a leading Business Consultant and Market Research firm focused exclusively on life sciences. It supports pharma companies by providing comprehensive end-to-end solutions to improve their performance. Get hassle-free access to all the healthcare and pharma market research reports through our subscription-based platform PharmDelve . Contact Us Shruti Thakur [email protected] +14699457679 Logo: SOURCE DelveInsight Business Research, LLP WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED