A dynamic gastrointestinal digestion system (simgi) after a human oral phase was used, for the first time, to assess the bioaccessibility of plant sterols (PS) from wholemeal rye bread (74.8 ± 2.2 mg of PS/100 g d.m.) and PS-enriched wholemeal rye bread (PS-WRB) (1.6 ± 0.04 g of PS/100 g of fresh bread). The use of these solid food matrices requires a novel adaptation of the gastric phase of the system. The PS identified in the breads are campesterol, campestanol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, sitostanol, Δ5-avenasterol, Δ5,24-stigmastadienol, Δ7-stigmastenol, and Δ7-avenasterol. The bioaccessibility of the total PS, only quantifiable in PS-WRB, is 19.9%, with Δ7-avenasterol being the most bioaccessible and Δ5-avenasterol being the least (p < 0.05). As shown in this study, PS-WRB can be considered to be a good choice to include in the daily diet. Furthermore, although the use of dynamic digestion methods for evaluating bioaccessibility implies high costs and technical complexity, their application means a closer approximation to in vivo scenarios.

2023-02-01·Clinica Chimica Acta

Age-related reference intervals for serum phytosterols in children by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and its application in diagnosing sitosterolemia

Article

作者: Wu, Hongjiang ; Wu, Mengyuan ; Wu, Bingbing ; Zhou, Wenhao ; Pei, Zhou ; Sun, Yan ; Lu, Wei ; Luo, Feihong ; Sun, Weihua

BACKGROUND AND AIMSSerum phytosterol profiles are essential for the diagnosis and management of sitosterolemia. However, pediatric reference interval (RI) studies are scarce and various mass spectrometry (MS) approaches for phytosterol analysis still face multiple limitations. Therefore, an optimized gas chromatography (GC)-MS assay and age-related RIs in children are both required.MATERIALS AND METHODSCholesterol and phytosterols (sitosterol, campesterol, cholestanol, stigmasterol, and sitostanol) were simultaneously determined by optimized GC-MS and performance was verified by the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), linearity, precision, recovery, matrix effects, and method comparison. Healthy children (247 males and 263 females) were recruited, sex and age dependence were assessed using quantile regression (2.5th percentile and 97.5th percentile), and RIs were established according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Association guideline C28-A3. These RIs were validated in 19 patients with sitosterolemia and 23 patients with hypercholesterolemia.RESULTSThe optimized method shortened the sample processing time by approximately 60 min. Among the five phytosterols, all precision, recoveries (ranging from 89.97% to 104.94%), and relative matrix effects (%CV: ranging from 0.08% to 13.88%) met the specifications. GC-MS showed good agreement with lower cholesterol concentrations compared to conventional enzymatic methods. No significant differences between males and females were observed for all phytosterols, but age dependency was found and age-related RIs were established accordingly. Five phytosterols were significantly higher than RIs in patients with sitosterolemia.CONCLUSIONWe established age-related RIs for five phytosterols in children based on an optimized GC-MS assay, providing a screening tool for the diagnosis of sitosterolemia in children.

2022-06-01·Phytochemistry2区 · 生物学

Balance of Δ5-and Δ7-sterols and stanols in halophytes in connection with salinity tolerance

2区 · 生物学

Article

作者: Nesterov, Viktor N ; Senik, Svetlana V ; Bogdanova, Elena S ; Rozentsvet, Olga A ; Kotlova, Ekaterina R ; Shavarda, Aleksey L

Sterols (STs) have a key role in regulating the fluidity and permeability of membranes in plants (phytosterols) that have wide structural diversity. We studied the effect of structural STs diversity on salt tolerance in halophytes. Specifically, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), including two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCxGC-MS), to assess the STs composition in leaves of 21 species of wild-growing halophytes from four families (Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Tamaricaceae) and three ecological groups (Euhalophytes (Eu), recretophytes (Re), salt excluders (Ex)). Fifteen molecular species of STs from three main groups, Δ⁵-, Δ⁷-and Δ⁰- STs (stanols), were detected. Plants of the genus Artemisia were characterized by a high content of stigmasterol (30-49% of the total STs), while β-sitosterol was the major compound in two Limonium spp., where it comprised 84-92% of the total STs. Species of Chenopodiaceae were able to accumulate both Δ⁵-and Δ⁷-STs and stanols. The content of the predominant Δ⁵-STs decreased in the order Ex → Re → Eu. Molecular species with a saturated steroid nucleus were identified in Eu and Re, suggesting their special salt-accumulating and salt-releasing functions. The structural analogues of stigmasterol, having a double bond C-22, were stigmasta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (spinasterol) and stigmast-22-en-3β-ol (Δ^7--sitosterol). The ratio of Δ⁵-stigmasterol/Δ⁵-β-sitosterol increased in Ex plants, and spinasterol/Δ^7--sitosterol and 22-stigmastenol/sitostanol increased in Eu plants. These data support the well-known role of stigmasterol and its isomers in plant responses to abiotic and biotic factors. The variability in STs types and their ratios suggested some involvement of the sterol membrane components in plant adaptation to growth conditions. The balance of Δ⁵-, Δ⁷-and stanols, as well as the accumulation of molecular analogues of stigmasterol, was suggested to be associated with salt tolerance of the plant species in this investigation.

100 项与 Sitostanol ester (Raisio Group/McNeil Consumer Healthcare) 相关的药物交易

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