Survivin is a novel attractive target for cancer therapy, however, it is considered undruggable because it lacks enzymic activities.Herein, we describe our efforts toward the discovery of a novel series of 4,11-dioxo-4,11-dihydro-1H-anthra[2,3-d]imidazol-3-ium derivatives as survivin inhibitors by targeting ILF3/NF110.Intensive structural modifications led us to identify a lead compound AQIM-I, which remarkably inhibited nonsmall cell lung cancer cell A549 with an IC50 value of 9 nM and solid tumor cell proliferation with more than 700-fold selectivity against human normal cells.Further biol. studies revealed that compound AQIM-I significantly inhibited survivin expression and colony formation, and induced ROS production, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and autophagy.Furthermore, promoter-luciferase reporter assay showed that AQIM-I attenuated the survivin promoter activity enhanced by overexpression of ILF3/NF110 in a concentration-dependent manner, and specific binding (KD = 163 nM) of AQIM-I to ILF3/NF110 were detected by SPR.