Background:
Parkinson s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects the brain cells that make the chemical dopamine. The primary medical treatment for PD has been to use medications to replace the dopamine that is missing from the brain. These medications can be effective at first, but after many years side effects and tolerance develop.
Surgery can treat basic PD symptoms and complications. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers a safer alternative as the therapy can be adjusted and reversed to minimize side effects and optimize beneficial effects. DBS treats the symptoms of PD but does not alter its course.
Infusions of neurochemicals or medications are another PD treatment method. NIH researchers have developed the technique of convection-enhanced delivery, which very precisely and consistently delivers infusions of many types into the brain. This project will allow researchers to infuse a medication, Muscimol, into the subthalamic region of the brain to see if it is as safe and effective as DBS.
Objectives:
To determine whether an infusion of Muscimol into the brain is safe and relieves the symptoms of Parkinson s disease.
To demonstrate that the infusion can be monitored with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using gadolinium.
Eligibility:
Patients 18 years of age and older who have Parkinson s disease and are preparing for bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS surgery.
Patients will be divided into two groups. One group of patients will have a partial infusion of Muscimol into the STN, and the second group of patients will have complete infusion of Muscimol into the STN.
Design:
This study will begin 5 days before the patient undergoes bilateral subthalamic DBS surgery.
On Day 1 of the study, small thin tubes (microcatheters) will be inserted into the STN through the same incision and burr holes that are used for DBS. Two infusion studies of Muscimol will be performed on successive days: the first without PD medication (Day 3 of study) and the second with PD medication (Day 4 of study).
Each infusion will be monitored in the MRI suite, and researchers will perform clinical examinations of patients PD symptoms.
Following the study experiments, a second surgery will be performed to remove the microcatheters and to place DBS electrodes in the standard fashion.

开始日期2009-06-02

申办/合作机构

National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke

NCT00005925

/ Terminated临床1期IIT

Trial of Intracerebral Infusion in Patients With Medically Intractable Epilepsy

This study will examine the safety and effectiveness of infusing a chemical called muscimol into the brain to control seizures in patients with intractable epilepsy (frequent seizures that persist despite therapy). Muscimol, which is similar to a naturally occurring brain chemical called GABA, has been shown to reduce seizures in rats. After the infusion study, patients will undergo a standard surgical procedure for controlling seizures.
Patients 18 years of age or older with intractable epilepsy may be eligible for this study. Before entering protocol 00-N-0158, candidates will be screened under protocol 01-N-0139, Evaluation and Treatment of Patients with Epilepsy, with a medical history, physical and neurologic examination, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, blood and urine tests, electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head.
Patients enrolled in this study will have the following procedures:
Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head to guide catheter/electrode placement (see #2).
Depth catheter/electrode placement into the presumed location of the seizure focus (the part of the brain where the seizures originate) - A small hole is drilled through the skull. A depth electrode with a hole in the center of the tubing is passed through the brain into the structures usually involved in intractable epilepsy. MRI will be done to check electrode placement. Video-EEG monitoring will continue for 5 days for this part of the study. Patients will be tested for their ability to understand and produce speech, see normally, move their arms and legs, distinguish sharp and dull objects, and put pegs in a pegboard. They will be questioned about headache, weakness, numbness or sleepiness. The electrode will be left in place for muscimol infusion (see #3).
Muscimol infusion - Into the seizure focus, patients will be given two infusions-one of saline (salt water) alone and one of muscimol diluted in saline. Each infusion will be given over a period of one-half to 5 1/2 days, infused at the rate of 0.1 ml (1/50th of a teaspoon) per hour. During the infusions video-EEG recordings will continue and patients will be interviewed and examined as described in #2 above).
Blood testing - About 2 tablespoons of blood will be drawn daily during the testing period and for the first 2 days after surgery (see #5).
Surgery - Temporal lobectomy or topectomy (removal of a small, specific area of brain tissue) is the standard surgical treatment for medically intractable epilepsy whose seizure focus is not in a critical brain region, such as an area that controls language, movement, or sensation. If the patient's seizures arise from one of these areas, an alternative procedure called multiple subpial transection will be offered. In this procedure, vertical cuts are made in the seizure focus to prevent neurons (nerve cells that transmit electrical impulses) in the focus from spreading the seizure to the rest of the brain.
Surgery follow-up - Patients will be monitored in the surgical intensive care unit for 24 to 48 hours and then in the NINDS nursing unit for 4 to 8 days before being discharged to home. Another visit in the NINDS outpatient clinic will be scheduled for 6-12 weeks after surgery.

开始日期2000-06-23

申办/合作机构

National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke

100 项与 Muscimol 相关的临床结果

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100 项与 Muscimol 相关的转化医学

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100 项与 Muscimol 相关的专利（医药）

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6,872

项与 Muscimol 相关的文献（医药）

2025-12-01·HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY

Insights into therapeutic potential and practical applications of natural toxins from poisonous mushrooms

Review

作者: Xu, Baojun ; Wijesekara, Tharuka

Introduction:

Mushrooms, belonging to the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, comprise approximately 14,000 known species, among which a small fraction are toxic. While toxic mushrooms are primarily associated with adverse health effects, recent research highlights their potential as sources of bioactive compounds with promising therapeutic applications.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted using four major electronic databases: Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The literature search, completed on July 1, 2024, utilized keywords including “Poisonous mushrooms,” “Mushroom toxins,” “Mycotoxins,” “Beta-glucans,” “Psilocybin,” and “Therapeutic applications.” Articles were selected based on specific inclusion criteria, focusing on studies investigating the biochemical, toxicological, and pharmacological properties of toxic mushroom compounds. Studies unrelated to mushrooms, non-peer-reviewed sources, or those with outdated or incomplete data were excluded.

Results:

This review examines key toxic mushroom compounds such as amanitins, phallotoxins, ibotenic acid, muscimol, orellanine, and gyromitrin, emphasizing their biosynthesis, structural features, and health effects. Despite their toxicity, compounds like beta-glucans, polysaccharides, lectins, and psilocybin exhibit immune-modulating, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. These bioactive compounds have shown promise in targeting cancer stem cells and enhancing neurotransmitter activity, positioning them as potential therapeutic agents.

Discussion:

Understanding the therapeutic potential of toxic mushroom-derived bioactive compounds bridges toxicology and pharmacology, offering novel avenues for drug discovery. Comparative analysis with existing treatments highlights their unique advantages in modern medicine.

2025-08-01·NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Sex-dependent role of the dorsolateral septum in shaping contextual cocaine memory strength

Article

作者: Fuchs, R A ; Artimenia, L M ; Soto, D A ; Reeves, D A ; Ritchie, J L ; Pruitt, A Y ; Qi, S

Established memories can be destabilized, updated, and reconsolidated into long-term memory stores. Memory updating and reconsolidation can alter the strength of maladaptive contextual drug memories and consequently context-induced drug craving and relapse. The dorsolateral septum (dlS) is a GABAergic nucleus that receives dense direct input from the cornu ammonis 3 regions of the dorsal hippocampus, a brain region that is critical for the maintenance of contextual cocaine memories. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that neuronal activity in the dlS regulates the strength of cocaine-predictive contextual memories prior to reconsolidation. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats received cocaine self-administration training followed by extinction training in two different environmental contexts. After the last extinction training session, the rats were placed back into the cocaine-predictive context to retrieve and destabilize their cocaine-related contextual memories. Immediately or 6 h after memory retrieval, the rats received intra-dlS vehicle or baclofen/muscimol (B/M; GABA_B/A agonists) infusions to inhibit neuronal activity during or after memory updating/reconsolidation, respectively. Resulting changes in cocaine and extinction memory strength were assessed based on the magnitude of unreinforced lever responding in the two contexts. Intra-dlS B/M infusion immediately after memory retrieval increased subsequent context-induced cocaine seeking behaviors in male rats, but not in female rats, whereas delayed B/M treatment had no effects in male rats. Together these findings suggest that the dlS is selectively engaged during memory updating/reconsolidation to reduce the strength of cocaine memories in males, possibly contributing to sex differences in the progression of cocaine use disorder.

2025-08-01·NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 impairs long-term depression in nucleus accumbens and induces depressive-like behavior

Article

作者: Chen, Lei ; Du, Yimei ; Wu, Chunfeng ; Zhang, Guowen ; Li, Kunpeng ; Liu, Lihan ; Gu, Tianchen ; Wang, Xiaolin ; Luo, Qi ; Sha, Sha

Long-term depression (LTD), a form of synaptic plasticity, is impaired in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in depression. While TRPV4 activation regulates synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, its effects in the NAc remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects of TRPV4 activation on LTD induction in the NAc and depressive-like behavior. Mice that were administered the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A into the NAc (GSK-mice) showed depressive-like behavior and impaired LTD induction in NAc slices. Additionally, the mRNA and protein levels of dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) and A-type gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA_AR) were markedly decreased in the NAc of GSK-mice. Meanwhile, administering a D2R (quinpirole) or GABA_AR (muscimol) agonist reversed LTD impairment in the NAc. The protein levels of phosphorylated protein kinase C (p-PKC) increased markedly and that of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) decreased in the NAc of GSK mice. Administration of a PKC antagonist (GF109203X) or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) agonist (740 Y-P) significantly increased GABA_AR protein levels and restored LTD induction in the NAc of GSK-mice. Administration of quinpirole increased p-Akt and GABA_AR protein levels in the NAc of GSK-mice. Finally, administration of quinpirole, muscimol, GF109203X or 740 Y-P improved the depressive-like behavior in GSK-mice. This study suggests that activation of TRPV4 impairs LTD induction in the NAc and induces depressive-like behavior, which is likely mediated by down-regulating D2R to inhibit PI3K-Akt pathway, and activating PKC to decrease the expression of GABA_AR.

项与 Muscimol 相关的新闻（医药）

2025-01-27

·PRNewswire

Blue Toad Botanicals Launches You've Got Some NERVE™ Stack Featuring Vanizem™ Aframomum melegueta Extract

Synergistic Formulation Designed to Support Healthy Nerve Function MORRISTOWN, N.J., Jan. 27, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- PLT Health Solutions, Inc. announced that Blue Toad Botanicals™ (Boise, ID USA), a premium lifestyle brand that delivers targeted therapeutic functional mushrooms and botanical stacks has launched a new consumer health product called You've Got Some NERVE™ Functional Mushroom Capsules. The product features PLT Health Solutions' Vanizem™ Aframomum melegueta, which has been clinically demonstrated to improve mood and sleep. The complex formulation for You've Got Some NERVE™ consists of functional mushrooms and a broad range of cutting-edge botanicals and vitamins. This one-of-a-kind stack includes a potent blend of Neuro AEA™ (Anandamide & Myristicin), Feverfew, Passion Flower, Skullcap, Neuro AGARIC™ (Muscimol), Methylated B-Complex, Benfotiamine, Proprietary Terpene Stack and Acetyl-L-Carnitine. Continue Reading You've Got Some NERVE™ consists of functional mushrooms and a broad range of cutting-edge botanicals and vitamins. This one-of-a-kind stack includes a potent blend of NeuroAEA™ (Anandamide & Myristicin), Feverfew, Passion Flower, Skullcap, NeuroAGARIC™ (Muscimol), Methylated B-Complex, Benfotiamine, Proprietary Terpene Stack and Acetyl-L-Carnitine. Vanizem is a proprietary selection and extraction of the West African flowering plant Aframomum melegueta (Grains of Paradise) with standardized bioactives, including 10% vanilloids where 1.5% of them are 6-Paradol that target the endocannabinoid system. Launched in January 2025, You've Got Some NERVE™ is available direct-to-consumer via the Internet and at . According to Co-founder & CEO/Chief Innovation Officer Paul Frantellizzi of Blue Toad, the development and launch of this new product is in line with the company's mission to offer premium quality ingredients with quality science that consumers will actually feel when they consume them. "Living with nerve issues can be challenging and can take a significant toll on people's quality of life. It can affect mood, sleep and impact overall quality of life. Our goal is to empower people to take a more active role in their health and lifestyle and discover effective strategies for supporting neurologic health. Informing the development of this product was my own history of struggling with these issues, he said. The addition of a branded, clinically studied ingredient like Vanizem to this formulation helps us build trust with our customers and offers new, disruptive benefits to our product. We were extremely excited about the standardized content of 10% vanilloids," he added. Vanizem: A unique botanical solution Vanizem is a proprietary selection and extraction of the West African flowering plant Aframomum melegueta (Grains of Paradise) with standardized bioactives, including 10% vanilloids where 1.5% of them are 6-Paradol that target the endocannabinoid system. In a recently completed clinical study, Vanizem was shown to provide improvements in self-reported tension scores (POMS) and significant improvements in sleep quality score (LSEQ) along with improvements in mood, vigor, ease of falling asleep and easier morning awakening.* Studies showed that a low dose showed significant results in improving mental wellbeing, reducing stress and anxiety levels, supporting sleep and contributing to overall relaxation.within just three days.* The ingredient was developed by PLT innovation partner Nektium Pharma (Las Palmas, Spain). PLT Health Solutions is the exclusive sales and marketing partner for Vanizem in North America. According to Steve Fink, Vice President of Marketing for PLT Health Solutions, Blue Toad is an exciting and innovative company in the health and wellness space. "The team at Blue Toad 'get' what self-care through the use of botanicals is all about. They were one of the first companies that recognized the potential for Vanizem. We are excited at the launch of this new product and look forward to more people being introduced to the benefits of Vanizem," he said. For more information on Blue Toad Botanicals, visit bluetoadbotanicals.com For more information on Vanizem, visit plthealth.com/vanizem *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease. Blue Toad Botanicals™ products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any medical disorder or disease. About Blue Toad Founded in early 2021 by Pamela Peters & Paul Frantellizzi, Blue Toad™ is a Boise-based, award-winning, and extremely disruptive team of industry professionals developing premium functional-mushroom and targeted therapeutic microdose stacks that solve consumer problems. We understand that gut-health is key to homeostasis & building upon that premise, we use patented, clinically validated ingredients & botanical stacks giving consumers need-state support for Mood, Pain, Sleep, Anxiety, Hormones, Immunity, etc. Blue Toad™ is currently well positioned to be the next big brand in the functional mushroom & wellness industry. About PLT Health Solutions Headquartered in Morristown, NJ, USA, PLT Health Solutions is a trusted discoverer, developer, and marketer of high-quality, scientifically supported ingredients that enhance health and functionality. As a leading ingredients innovator, PLT's global network of strategic partnerships provides unique access to impactful solutions. PLT Health Solutions is a purpose-driven company passionate about helping people live healthier, happier lives. By delivering an unsurpassed mix of expertise, resources, and service, PLT is committed to helping both its strategic partners and valued customers grow. SOURCE PLT Health Solutions WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

2024-07-03

·drugs

FDA Warns of 48 Illnesses, One Death Linked to Diamond Shruumz Edibles

WEDNESDAY, July 3, 2024 -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration said Tuesday it is now investigating nearly 50 illnesses and one death that may be linked to eating Diamond Shruumz edibles. Of the 48 people in 24 states who said they got sick after eating the chocolate bars, cones and gummies, one patient has died and 27 have been hospitalized, the FDA noted in an updated health alert . Those who fell ill reported seizures, agitation, abnormal heart rates and loss of consciousness. The latest illness was reported Monday, FDA officials said. Last week, the company that makes the edibles issued a full recall of all its edibles after discovering high levels of a mushroom toxin in the products. The recall was issued "because such products contain muscimol, a chemical found in mushrooms of the genus amanita," California-based Prophet Premium Blends stated in its announcement. "Muscimol could be a potential cause of symptoms consistent with those observed in persons who became ill after eating Diamond Shruumz products," the company added. Reported symptoms include seizures, agitation, involuntary muscle contractions, loss of consciousness, confusion, sleepiness, nausea and vomiting, abnormal heart rates and high/low blood pressure. States with cases include Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Tennessee. The FDA first advised consumers not to eat Diamond Shruumz microdosing chocolate bars two weeks ago, warning that people in four states had fallen ill. Some had to be intubated. The recalled products were distributed nationwide through retail stores and mail order. Back in late May, Prophet Premium received the first two complaints of people becoming ill after eating an entire chocolate bar. That prompted the company to conduct an analysis of its ingredients, which "showed higher than normal amounts of muscimol," the recall notice said. The company said it has stopped producing and distributing the Diamond Shruumz product line while it and the FDA continue to investigate the cause of the illnesses. Consumers who bought Diamond Shruumz products should stop using them and contact the company at 209-314-0881 or by email at info@diamondshruumz.com with their order number to get a refund. Whatever your topic of interest, subscribe to our newsletters to get the best of Drugs.com in your inbox.

2024-01-18

·PRNewswire

STNR Creations Launches Revolutionary Amanita Mushroom Gummies

Innovative Blend of Ancient Wisdom and Modern Science ORLANDO, Fla., Jan. 18, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- STNR Creations, a trailblazer in hemp-derived and natural wellness products, proudly introduces its latest breakthrough: Energizing Amanita Mushroom Gummies, aptly named 'Not Your Grandma's Portobellos.' Expertly crafted, these gummies present a novel fusion of Amanita Muscaria with a special blend of cannabinoids, offering a safe, legal, and invigorating microdosing experience. This pioneering combination is designed to provide an unparalleled natural energy boost, opening new vistas in holistic health and well-being. Continue Reading Energizing and Relaxing Amanita Mushroom Gummies by STNR Creations Renowned for infusing innovation into the hemp industry with their 3 Gram Disposable vape device, STNR Creations now expands its horizons with the introduction of 'Not Your Grandma's Portobellos' Amanita Mushroom Gummies. These gummies blend the unique properties of Amanita Muscaria, a revered fungus, to create a natural, energizing supplement tailored for enthusiasts and busy professionals. Shaun Province, Vice President of Sales at STNR Creations, states, "Our 'Not Your Grandma's Portobellos' Amanita Mushroom Gummies represent our dedication to fusing ancient wisdom with modern innovation. We're thrilled to offer a product that responds to the increasing demand for natural wellness solutions, reflecting our commitment to quality, innovation, and customer satisfaction." What are Amanita Mushrooms? Characterized by their soft, white bodies and striking red caps with white spots, Amanita mushrooms (Amanita Muscaria) contain the psychoactive alkaloids muscarine and ibotenic acid. These convert into muscimol, which, unlike typical psychedelics like psilocybin that affect serotonin, interacts with GABA receptors. The 'Not Your Grandma's Amanita Mushroom Gummies' are more than just a product launch; they signify a movement towards redefining natural supplements. With a unique blend of Delta 9 extract and Amanita Muscaria or just the amazing fungus Amanita Muscaria with a touch of Cordyceps Kana, these gummies offer a distinct experience in relaxation and wellness, incorporating cannabinoids for added benefits. Each package contains six 500mg amanita mushroom extract blend gummies offering a mildly psychedelic experience. Company Information STNR Creations, a sanctuary for the hemp connoisseur, delivers unparalleled experiences in hemp's purest pleasures. Merging tradition with innovation, our product range extends from robust Delta 8 to pioneering THC-A, and now to innovative mushroom wellness solutions. We're not just crafting products; we're cultivating trust and fostering a lifestyle of excellence and diversity in the natural wellness sphere. All STNR Creations products are proudly made in the United States, using the highest quality ingredients and rigorously tested for potency and purity by third-party laboratories. To learn more or to submit a wholesale inquiry, please contact the STNR Creations sales team via email at [email protected] or by phone at 855-STNR-779 (855-786-7779). These groundbreaking products are currently available for retail purchase at . Media Contact: Jeffrey Donahue 855-786-7779 [email protected] SOURCE STNR Creations LLC

100 项与 Muscimol 相关的药物交易

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外链

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	Muscimol	-	DB12458

研发状态

10 条进展最快的记录,

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适应症	最高研发状态	国家/地区	公司	日期
帕金森病	临床1期	-	National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke	2009-06-02
耐药性癫痫	临床1期	美国	National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke	2000-06-23

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研究	分期	人群特征	评价人数	分组	结果	评价	发布日期


SFN2016	N/A	-	-	Saline	獵糧憲齋鑰製構糧醖鏇(窪廠遞鑰鬱齋窪範襯願) = 艱獵衊鏇鏇襯顧獵憲積鹹構齋壓夢構觸遞夢鑰 (蓋餘製憲選廠顧鑰網壓 )	-	2016-11-13
				Muscimol 0.250 mg/ml	獵糧憲齋鑰製構糧醖鏇(窪廠遞鑰鬱齋窪範襯願) = 淵願艱醖築齋觸鹽齋選鹹構齋壓夢構觸遞夢鑰 (蓋餘製憲選廠顧鑰網壓 )
ARVO2004	N/A	-	-	Muscimol-biotin	觸醖鹹願餘鹽築鹹蓋鏇(淵窪鏇醖鬱鏇衊齋夢鏇) = 襯憲壓齋鬱淵遞齋膚壓觸膚鏇簾選淵窪鹹築鹹 (衊網鬱衊鬱願鑰膚顧鹽 ) 更多	-	2004-05-01
				Muscimol	鏇鏇遞鹹膚鏇築範襯遞(網夢顧餘夢鑰願餘鹽積) = 壓鬱壓艱選醖製網願淵鑰窪醖鹹窪鏇襯膚遞網 (製夢窪齋繭蓋窪糧淵鬱 )