Bangladesh Agricultural University

Poultry industry is a promising sector for meeting protein demands in Bangladesh. Poultry droppings generated from farms pose a threat to the environment, but could be one of the best sources of plentiful substrates for anaerobic co-digestion. Poultry droppings mixed with carbon rich banana waste, which is readily available in Bangladesh, can be used for increasing biogas production Hence, a study was conducted to assess the bio-methane potential from the anaerobic co-digestion of poultry droppings (PD) with raw banana peel (BP), and to find the optimal mixing ratio. The batch study was conducted in an incubator at 35 °C for a retention time of 83 days. The PD and BP were mixed at a ratio of 100:0, 90:10, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70,10:90 and 0:100 to find out the optimum one. Five kinetic models were used to fit the exptl. result to determine different kinetic parameters. The highest amount of biogas (347.0 ± 53.6 mL/gVS) and methane (200.1 ± 18.6 mL/gVS) were obtained at 50:50 ratio of PD and BP for the digestion period. The biogas and methane yield at this ratio were 1.68 and 3.12 times higher than the mono-digestion of banana peel, resp. Biogas production was not significant when compared with mono-digestion of PD, but co-digestion at 50:50 ratio showed maximum usability of banana peel. Furthermore, the results of kinetic modeling showed both the cone model and the modified Gompertz model are best fitted for predicting methane production

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli has been linked to both life-threatening hospital- and community-acquired infections across the globe. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-anal. to evaluate the prevalence of ESBL in E. coli isolated from humans, animals, and environments in Bangladesh. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the current systematic review and meta-anal. was taken into account for studies published between 2010 and 2021 in peer-reviewed journals. The meta-anal. was performed on "R" version 4.2.2. A total of 36 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-anal.; among them, 22 were human, seven were animal, four were environmental, and three were multidisciplinary studies. The meta-anal. revealed that the pooled prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in Bangladesh was 21% (95% CI: 15%-27%). On the sample basis, the pooled prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in humans, animals, and environments was 17% (95% CI: 11%-23%), 22% (95% CI: 9%-34%), and 39% (95% CI: 16%-62%), resp. All the pooled prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli showed substantial heterogeneity (I² > 75%; p < 0.05) among the selected studies. This systematic review reported 13 different types of resistance genes encoding ESBL, such as bla_TEM-1 (37.5%), bla_CMY (34.6%), bla_CTX-M-1 (20.7%), bla_CTX-M-15 (16.1%), bla_TEM (12.3%), bla_CTX-M and bla_OXA (9.6%), bla_OXA-1 (5.8%), bla_ampC (3.9%), bla_SHV (3.8%), bla_CMY-2 (2.3%), bla_CTX-M-14 (1.3%), and bla_CTX-M-9 (0.3%). Moreover, 39 types of epidemiol. important clones (including ST10 and ST131) were detected in ESBL-producing E. coli isolated from humans, animals, and environments in Bangladesh. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-anal. of integrated studies on ESBL-producing E. coli using the One Health approach in Bangladesh. The high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli, their resistance genes, and epidemiol. important clones in humans, animals, and environments highlights the importance of implementing comprehensive antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance under a One Health perspective to mitigate the AMR consequences in Bangladesh.

The role of Clove (Cv) and Tulsi (Ts) supplementation on broiler growth performance and gut health as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters has already been established. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the role of Cv and Ts on the serum biochemical profile and meat quality traits in broilers. A total of sixty (60) one-day-old commercial broiler chicks were randomly allotted into four homogenous groups (15 birds per group). They were then fed Cv powder and Ts extract from day (d) 8 to d 28 with drinking water i.e. zero level of Cv or Ts (T0), 0.5% Cv + 2% Ts (T1), 1.0% Cv + 3% Ts (T2), 1.5% Cv + 4% Ts (T3). Blood and meat samples were collected on d 14, 21, and 28 to analyze the serum-biochemical profile and meat quality. Supplementation of Cv and Ts improved serum-biochemical profile by reducing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in broilers. However, they did not affect the serum protein levels while the 0.5-1% Cv and 2-3% Ts supplemented groups had higher glucose levels on d 21. Production of breast and thigh meat increased with increased size, and density of myofibers while fed 0.5-1% Cv and 2-3% Ts. On the contrary, 1.5% Cv powder and 4% Ts extract supplementation improved thigh meat color, breast and thigh meat pH as well as the water-holding capacity. The current study findings suggest that Cv and Ts can be used in combination to improve broiler health, production, and meat quality.