Enhancing transparency in global horizontal irradiance estimation with tree based machine learning algorithms and Shapley additive explanations framework

作者: Singh, Rahul ; Baghel, Raj Kumar ; Ganvir, Chaitanya ; Jha, S. K. ; Gupta, Rahul

2025-07-01·Fuel

Experimental investigation on metal, PM and unregulated emissions along with their toxicity from conventional diesel and RCCI engines employing gasoline and methanol as low reactivity fuels

作者: Yadav, Neeraj Kumar ; Maurya, Rakesh Kumar

Toxic metals and unregulated emissions from IC engines (ICEs), often overlooked in conventional regulatory frameworks, demand attention due to their potential health risks, even at trace levels.The present study conducts a comparative assessment of the toxicity of metal, unregulated, and particulate matter (PM) emissions from both conventional diesel (CDC) and gasoline/methanol-diesel (GD/MD) reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engines.Instrumentation and modification are done to a single-cylinder automotive diesel engine to enable it to operate in RCCI mode, which involves integrating a port fuel injection system and installing pressure sensors.Gasoline and methanol are injected into the port during the intake stroke, and early direct injection of diesel is done to facilitate the transition to RCCI mode.The operational load of the engine and the premixed fuel ratio are systematically varied to investigate their effects on emissions and the associated toxicity levels.An in-vitro cytotoxicity assessment is performed using a human lung epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of PM emissions produced by both diesel and RCCI combustion modes.To evaluate the toxicity associated with metal and unregulated emissions, the potential inhalation cancer risk is assessed utilizing risk assessment formulations prescribed by regulatory bodies.Furthermore, the environmental risk associated with unregulated emissions is also assessed.The findings reveal that methanol-diesel RCCI shows promise in mitigating the cytotoxic effects of PM, particularly at medium load conditions, compared to both CDC and gasoline-diesel RCCI.Moreover, at lower engine loads, RCCI combustion exhibits a decrease in the cancer risk potential associated with metals compared to CDC combustion.Compared to CDC under medium load conditions, the RCCI combustion demonstrates a reduction in emissions equivalent to global warming, acidification, and eutrophication potentials.Despite its advantages, RCCI combustion engines exhibit higher levels of ozone-forming potential and cancer risk potential in their non-regulated emissions than CDC engines.However, as engine load increases, these potentials decrease in RCCI engines.Increasing the fuel premixing ratio under constant load conditions leads to a rise in both ozone-forming potential and cancer risk potential associated with non-unregulated emissions from RCCI engines.

2025-06-01·Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics

Kalman Filtering for Two Broad Classes of Caputo Fractional-Order Differential Equations

作者: Singh, Arshpreet ; Singh, Satwinder Jit

AbstractThis work aims to develop novel strategies to carry out Kalman filtering for two broad classes of linear constant-coefficient fractional differential equations (FDEs) involving Caputo fractional derivatives. In the first part of this work, the closed-form solutions for such FDEs are obtained in the Laplace domain, followed by their time-domain representation involving the fundamental matrix Φ(t) and the convolution integral of the Φ(t)-dependent function Ψ(t) with the known forcing f(t). Moreover, the components of Ψ(t) are determined to depend on those of Φ(t) through problem-specific fractional-order integral equations. The specific structure of the FDEs being studied presents a notable challenge in deriving Laplace domain solutions. Nevertheless, the subsequent time-domain representation of these solutions makes them amenable to the well-known Kalman filtering. In the second part, we achieved a systematic time-domain discretization of the solutions for these FDEs and applied the discrete Kalman filter to the resulting set of discretized equations. The efficacy of this work is evident from the successful application of the Kalman filter to a variety of FDEs. Consistently excellent results have been obtained in all the cases.

100 项与 Indian Institute of Technology Ropar 相关的药物交易

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100 项与 Indian Institute of Technology Ropar 相关的转化医学

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