Bezmialem Vakif University

In the general population, 19.0-26.6 per 1000 cases of ankle instability have been reported, while in the athletic population, the rate is 11.3 per 1000. Ankle instability also predisposes individuals to recurrent instability, leading to persistent symptoms. After ankle injuries, temporary increases in afferent activity, along with long-term deficits in somatosensory information from ligaments, may cause central neuroplasticity that affects sensorimotor function. This central neuroplasticity can lead to permanent dysfunctions in the affected limb, thereby increasing the likelihood of developing and maintaining chronic ankle instability (CAI). In addition to the association between impaired balance and reduced proprioception with CAI, it has been reported that the central nervous system may fail to manage joint stress due to its inability to discern load on the ligaments.
Impaired neurocognition has been linked to decreased performance and higher rates of re-injury. Deficiencies in neuromuscular control, motor learning, or other neurocognitive components related to an individual's performance and safety may affect the ability to respond appropriately in a dynamic environment. Any deficiencies in these neurocognitive processes can hinder the successful completion of tasks.
The aim of this study is to comparatively examine the effects of neurocognitively enriched rehabilitation versus traditional rehabilitation on re-injury risk, balance, and proprioception in individuals with a history of ankle instability.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of aerobic-based virtual reality exercise training and traditional aerobic exercise training on physical fitness, functional capacity, cognitive functions and quality of life in individuals with Down syndrome.

The functional disorders of the lower urinary tract in children involve overactive bladder with thickening of the bladder muscle, resulting in a decrease in functional bladder volume and an increase in intra-bladder pressure. Lower urinary tract dysfunction in children most commonly develops due to non-neuropathic bladder sphincter dysfunction. Pelvic floor disorders is a term used to describe various diseases including mild, moderate and severe impairment of the pelvic floor muscles. Pelvic floor disorders become a condition that causes some symptoms such as involuntary urinary and faecal/gas incontinence, urgency and pelvic pain due to increased pressure of the pelvic floor muscles. Although the symptoms experienced may be permanent, they usually last throughout the day.
Electromyography (EMG) is a well-known non-invasive and practical method for relative pelvic floor muscle activity. Standardised endurance tests will be used for core muscle endurance measurements. Pulmonary function tests help to determine the severity of functional impairments and the extent to which treatment restores normal function. It has been reported that respiratory muscle strength tests can be used to monitor the effect of various diseases on muscle strength, especially considering their variations in the normal population. The six-minute walk test, which is used in the assessment of functional capacity, is frequently used in a wide range of different populations, including children, because it is easy to perform, has a low cost and especially shows exercise capacity. The six-minute walk test is an important indicator of aerobic endurance, which is one of the basic components of physical fitness.
The findings of this project will provide to see whether pelvic floor muscle activity, respiratory functions, respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity of children with lower urinary tract dysfunction differ from healthy children of the same age. The lack of a study on this subject suggests that this study would be an important contribution to the literature. In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate pelvic floor muscle activity with a superficial EMG device, core strength-endurance with core muscle endurance tests, respiratory functions with a spirometer (pulmonary function test), respiratory muscle strength (MIP/MEP) with an intraoral pressure measuring device, and functional capacity with a six-minute walk test. Determining how lower urinary tract dysfunction affects pelvic floor muscle activity, respiratory functions, respiratory muscle strength and functional capacity and the extent to which it affects the daily life of the individual is important. Furthermore, it is also considered that this project may provide valuable insight into how important it is to follow up the development of children with lower urinary tract dysfunction. The hypotheses of this study are as follows;
Hypotheses:
H1: Children with lower urinary tract dysfunction have poor pelvic floor muscle activity compared to healthy children.
H2: Children with lower urinary tract dysfunction have lower respiratory function than healthy children.
H3: Children with lower urinary tract dysfunction have lower respiratory muscle strength than healthy children.
H4: Children with lower urinary tract dysfunction have lower functional capacity than healthy children.